2. 精讲-父母成功的模板，孩子们可以套用吗？

父母成功的模板，孩子们可以套用吗？

KidsDon’t Need to Stay ‘On Track’ to Succeed

大西洋月刊

A 10-year-old boy says, “I wantto run a start-up when I grow up.” He doesn’t even know what a start-up is.Many young parents, teachers, and community are all likely to encourage thisway of thinking, but they are only making his future chances of being successfulless likely. Part of the culture is more and more centered on a narrow notionof what success looks like and how to attain it. Money is overvalued, andcharacter undervalued.

Too many of us are worried abouthow our kids will compete globally. We fervently believe that staying “ontrack” beats wandering around. However, reality suggests otherwise. Andinstilling this concept of success as a straight line can set kids up for unrealisticexpectations and disappointment.

Even if parents ascended arelatively smooth track from school to career success, it’s misguided to assumethat what worked for them will be right for their kids, too. Encouragingchildren to follow a linear path makes them cautious, when what they are mostlikely to need are curiosity, a willingness to take risks, and a talent forcollaboration.

What exactly constitutes successis open to a world of meaning. Financial independence is one way to measuresuccess, a sense of doing meaningful and fulfilling work is another, andraising a healthy family and contributing to one’s community yet another.

If a linear progression tightlytied to grades, admittance to selective colleges, and high-­powered internshipsfor well-­known companies were in fact the path taken by most successfulpeople, we still would have to weigh its value against healthy childdevelopment, but at least we would have some evidence that our kids would oneday benefit from all of the aggressive preparation, coaching, and tutoring.However, reality—that is, real people following real trajectories—suggests thatthis particular template is only modestly accurate. More often, a meanderingand unexpected path is what leads to success.

今日导读

“没有规矩，不成方圆。”这句话被无数人奉为圭臬，确实，在这个世界上，有规矩才能有一个健康正常的社会运行。但是要把“规矩”这个概念过早地加之于孩子身上，真的是一个好主意么？毕加索曾说过，“每个孩子都是天生的艺术家，问题是怎么在长大之后仍然保持这种天赋。”虽然我们可以理解家长们望子成龙、望女成凤的心愿，但孩子们更需要肆意发展，成为那个最独一无二的自己，所以剪断捆绑孩子手脚的绳索，给我们的孩子开放可以肆意去探索的广阔天空吧，要知道孩子们其实不用保持“正轨”就能成功。下面就和小董老师一起去文章中学习一下吧！

带着问题听讲解

1. 真正构成成功的哪些因素？

2. “攀升”在文章中是怎么表达的？

3. “fervently”是什么意思？

内容精讲

Kids Don’t Need to Stay ‘On Track’ to Succeed

孩子们不需要保持“正轨”就能成功

on track 走上正轨

A 10-year-old boy says, “I wantto run a start-up when I grow up.”He doesn’t even know what a start-up is. Many young parents, teachers, and community are all likely to encouragethis way of thinking, but they are only making his future chances of beingsuccessful less likely. Part of the culture is more and more centered on a narrow notion of what success lookslike and how to attain it. Money is overvalued, and character undervalued.

一个10岁的男孩说，“我长大后想开一家创业公司。”他这个年纪都还不知道什么是创业。许多年轻的父母、老师甚至这个社会可能都会鼓励这种想法，但他们可能却让这个孩子未来成功的可能性变小了。文化的一部分越来越集中在一个狭隘的概念上，即成功是什么样的以及如何获得成功。金钱被高估了，而品格却被低估了。

start-up /ˈstɑːrt ʌp/ n. 初创企业，创业公司

community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区，社会

narrow notion 狭隘的概念

attain /əˈteɪn/ v. 获得，达到

关联词：obtain /əbˈteɪn/ v. 赢得，获得

overvalue /əʊvəˈvæljuː/ v. 高估

undervalue /ʌndəˈvæljuː/v. 低估

Too many of us are worried abouthow our kids will compete globally. We fervently believe that staying “on track” beats wandering around. However,reality suggests otherwise. And instilling this concept of success as a straight line can set kids up for unrealisticexpectations and disappointment.

我们太多的人担心自己的孩子将来如何在全球中去竞争。我们坚信，保持“正轨”比四处游荡要好。然而，现实表明情况并非如此。始终把成功的概念灌输给孩子们会让他们产生不现实的期望和失望。

fervently /ˈfɜːvəntli/adv. 热切地

beat /biːt/ v. 击败

wander around 徘徊

wander /ˈwɒndə(r)/ v. 徘徊，闲逛

instill /ɪnˈstɪl/ v. 逐渐灌输

set up树立

Even if parents ascended a relatively smooth track from school to career success, it’s misguided to assume that what worked for them willbe right for their kids, too.Encouraging children to follow a linear path makes them cautious,when what they are most likely to need are curiosity,a willingness to take risks, and a talent for collaboration.

即使父母在上学、毕业到走向成功的事业这条轨道上走得相对平稳，但认为对自己有用的东西也会对孩子有用的想法是错误的。当孩子们最需要的是一颗好奇心、一个想要冒险的冲动和与人合作的能力时，一味鼓励他们走直线道路会让他们变得十分谨慎。

ascend /əˈsend/ v. 攀升，提升

反义词：descend /dɪˈsend/ v. 下降

misguided /mɪsˈɡaɪdɪd/ adj. 被误导的

assume /əˈsjuːm/ v. 假定

linear /ˈlɪniə(r)/ adj. 直线的

cautious/ˈkɔːʃəs/ adj. 谨慎的，小心的

curiosity /kjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心

关联词：curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 好奇的

用法：Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇心害死猫。

willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ n. 心甘情愿，乐意

collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/n. 合作

What exactly constitutes success is open to a world of meaning.Financialindependence is one way to measure success, a sense of doing meaningful andfulfilling work is another, and raisinga healthy family and contributing to one’s community yet another.

真正构成成功的是一个有意义的世界。经济独立是衡量成功的一种方式，做有意义且有成就感的工作是另一种方式，然而养家糊口和为社区做点儿贡献也是成功的一种。

constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/v. 组成

关联词：constitution /kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ n. 宪法，章程

raise a family 养家

contribute to 贡献，有助于

If a linear progression tightly tied to grades, admittance to selective colleges, andhigh-­powered internships forwell-­known companies were in fact the path taken by most successful people, westill would have to weigh its valueagainst healthy child development, but at least we would have some evidencethat our kids would one day benefit from all of the aggressive preparation, coaching, and tutoring.However, reality—that is, real people followingreal trajectories—suggests that thisparticular template is only modestlyaccurate. More often, a meandering and unexpected path is what leads to success.

如果一个与成绩紧密相关的线性进展，考入精心挑选的大学，获得知名公司的高能力实习实际上是大多数成功人士所走的道路，那我们就仍然需要权衡它对儿童健康发展的价值所在。但至少我们有一些证据表明，我们的孩子终有一天会得益于所有积极的备考，培训和辅导。然而，现实（也就是说，真实的人遵循真实的轨迹）表明这个特定的模板仅有一部分是准确的。更常见的情况是，一条曲折而意想不到的道路会通向成功。

progression /prəˈɡreʃn/n. 前进

admittance /ədˈmɪtns/n. 承认，录取

selective /sɪˈlektɪv/ adj. 精心挑选的

internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/n. 实习

weigh /weɪ/ v. 权衡

aggressive /əˈɡresɪv/adj. 有进取心的，急功近利的

coach /kəʊtʃ/ v. 辅导（尤指为让学员参加考试）

tutor /ˈtjuːtə(r)/ v. 辅导

trajectory /trəˈdʒektəri/n. 轨道，弹道

template /ˈtempleɪt/ n. 模板

meandering /mɪˈændərɪŋ/ adj. 曲折的

unexpected/ʌnɪkˈspektɪd/adj. 始料不及的

长难句分析

1. Encouraging children tofollow a linear path （主语）makes（谓语）them （宾语） cautious（宾补）, when （时间状语从句）what they are most likely toneed （主语）are （系动词）curiosity, a willingness to takerisks, and a talent for collaboration（表语）.

当孩子们最需要的是一颗好奇心、一个想要冒险的冲动和与人合作的能力时，一味鼓励他们走直线道路会让他们变得十分谨慎。

解析：“Encouraging children to follow a linear path makesthem cautious”是主句部分，后面是一个由when引导的时间状语从句。

“Encouraging children to followa linear path”动名词短语放在句首做主语，谓语动词是“makes”，宾语是“them”，“cautious”做宾补。

在“When”引导的时间状语从句中，what they are most likely to need 做主语，are是系动词，“curiosity“，“a willingness to take risks”，“a talent for collaboration”这三个并列的名词或名词短语充当表语。

2. Financialindependence （主语）is （系动词）one way （表语）tomeasure success（定语）, a sense of doingmeaningful and fulfilling work（主语） is （系动词）another（表语）, andraising a healthy family and contributing to one’s community yet another.

经济独立是衡量成功的一种方式，做有意义且有成就感的工作是另一种方式，然而养家糊口和为社区做点儿贡献也是成功的一种。

解析：本句是由三个并列的句子组成。

第一个是：“Financial independence is one way to measure success”，“Financial independence”是一个主语，系动词“is”，后面的“one way”做表语，“to measure success”做定语，修饰前面的“one way”。

第二个是：“a sense of doing meaningful and fulfilling work isanother”，该句也是一个主系表结构，a sense of doing meaningful and fulfilling work这个名词短语做主语，is是系动词，another做表语。

第三个是：“raising a healthy family and contributing to one’scommunity yet another”，在这里分词短语放在句首做主语，系动词省略掉了（两个句子如果句式相同，可以省略系动词），“yet another”是一个副词短语，放在后面。

3. If （条件状语从句）a linear progression tightly tied to grades（从句宾语1）, admittance to selectivecolleges（从句宾语2）, and（并列连词）high-­powered internshipsfor well-­known companies were in fact the path（主系表结构）taken by most successful people（后置定语）, we （主句主语）still would have to weigh（主句谓语）its value （宾语）againsthealthy child development, but （转折连词）at least（状语）we （主语）would have （谓语）some evidence （宾语）that （同位语从句）our kids would one day benefit from all of theaggressive preparation, coaching, and tutoring.

如果一个与成绩紧密相关的线性进展，考入精心挑选的大学，获得知名公司的高能力实习实际上是大多数成功人士所走的道路，那我们就仍然需要权衡它对儿童健康发展的价值所在。但至少我们有一些证据表明，我们的孩子终有一天会得益于所有积极的备考，培训和辅导。

解析：If引导了一个条件状语从句，主句部分为“we still would have toweigh its value against healthy child development”，后面的“but”是一个转折连词接了另一个句子。

从句部分的主语是“a linear progression”，从句谓语是“tied to”，副词“tightly”是对动词部分的修饰。从句的宾语为 “a linear progression tightly tied to grades”和“admittance to selectivecolleges”。“and”后连接的句子与前面的句子构成了一个并列成分，这个句子是一个主系表结构，后面的“taken by most successful people”做后置定语，修饰前面的“path”。

主句部分主语为“we”，“would have to weigh”做谓语，宾语是“its value”，后面的“against”与前面的“weigh”构成一个短语，意思是“衡量”。

“but”转折连词，后面接句子。“at least”放在句首表示强调，句子的主语是“we”，“would have”做谓语，宾语为some evidence，后面的that 引导了一个同位语从句，该从句是一个主谓宾结构。

写作句总结

1.Moneyisovervalued, and characterundervalued.

金钱被高估了，而品格却被低估了。

句型：A isovervalued, and B undervalued.

本句型的意思是“A被高估了，而B却被低估了”，透漏着一种不该低估B的意味，下文可以用于介绍B的重要性。

仿写：Intuitionis overvalued, and intelligenceundervalued.

直觉被高估，智慧却被低估了。

2. We ferventlybelieve that staying “on track” beats wandering around.

我们坚信，保持“正轨”比四处游荡要好。

句型：We fervently believe that…

该句型的意思是“我们坚信…”，主语可以替换，坚信的内容也可以根据观点进行调整。

仿写：We fervently believe that successis the baby of confidence.

我们坚信，成功是信心的结晶。

3. And instilling this concept ofsuccessasa straight line can set kids up for unrealistic expectations and disappointment.

始终把成功的概念灌输给孩子们会让他们产生不现实的期望和失望。

句型：Instilling… as a straight line can set kids up forunrealistic expectations and disappointment.

该句型可以用于教育类话题的写作中。灌输的内容可以根据想要表达的观点进行适当调整。

仿写：Instilling grandiosedreamas a straight line can set kids up forunrealistic expectations and disappointment.

始终把宏大的理想灌输给孩子们会让他们产生不现实的期望和失望。

拓展知识

培养孩子的科学思维有什么诀窍？

相互尊重、平等对话，才能让孩子接受你的思想。当孩子与你分享看似幼稚的想法时，千万不要忙着否定他。如果长期处于被否定的语境中，孩子的自信心将得不到培养。他们会经常怀疑自我，难以自我肯定，更别提积极探索身边的世界了。孩子们需要的是倾听与交流，家长应当把他们当朋友，平等对话。当孩子们感到被理解、被尊重、被接受，就会乐于把内心深处的想法告诉他人，也更易接受他人的思想。

激发好奇心，培养孩子发现问题的能力。有了平等对话的机会，家长跟孩子之间就少了一层隔膜。接下来可以多问他为什么，使他产生好奇心。有了好奇心便会产生思考，有了思考才会进步。在这一过程中可以培养孩子多问问题的习惯，养成善于思考的科学思维。这种培养可以从身边的事物入手：“你看这个南瓜这么大，像不像从太空运过来的？”孩子可能有了兴趣“为什么大南瓜就像从太空运来的呢？”这时，家长就可以把问题丢给他，让他自己去寻求答案。

循序善诱，引导孩子将兴趣转化为行动。除了日常生活中的科学小事，家长还可以引导孩子们多看科学类书籍，多关注科技前沿动态。在孩子积累了一定的科学知识后，家长可以挑一些有趣的科技大事，与孩子一同探讨、发现未知，进一步激发孩子学习科学的热情。“现在物联网越来越普遍，我们用手机就能控制空调、点灯甚至汽车，你还想控制什么呢？”“少年星发射到太空，你以后坐在教室里就能操控天上的卫星了！”说不定，在跟孩子探讨这些问题时，更能激发他们的奇思妙想~