韩国首尔推出“10分钟城市”社区项目

Plans unveiled for high-tech '10-minute city' in Seoul︱韩国首尔推出“10分钟城市”社区项目

The idea of a "15-minute city," in which residents can all reach work and leisure facilities within a quarter-hour walk -- or cycle -- of their homes, has gained significant traction among urban planners during the Covid-19 pandemic.

“15分钟城市”，即居民都能从家步行或骑车15分钟内到达工作和休闲场所。新冠疫情期间，这一概念愈发受到城市规划者的追捧。

Now, a group of architects is planning an even more ambitious neighborhood in South Korea's capital, Seoul: a 10-minute city.

如今，一群建筑师正在韩国首尔规划一个更加宏伟的社区项目——10分钟城市。

Dubbed "Project H1," the development is set to transform an old industrial site into an interconnected "smart" city. Combining eight residential buildings with co-working offices and study spaces, the 125-acre district is also set to house entertainment venues, fitness centers, swimming pools and even hydroponic urban farms.

该规划被称为“H1项目”——将一个老工业区改造成互相连通的“智慧”城市。建筑师计划将8栋住宅楼用作联合办公区和教学场所，同时在这块125英亩（50.6万平方米）的区域里建造娱乐场所、健身中心、游泳池甚至城市水培农场。

Designed by Dutch architecture firm UNStudio and backed by Hyundai Development Company (a real estate firm owned by the conglomerate behind the car maker of the same name), the neighborhood will also be completely car-free. A press release for the project claimed that "all the conveniences of the city" will be within a 10-minute walk of people's homes.

这个项目由荷兰建筑公司UNStudio设计、现代房地产开发公司出资建造，建成后将实现无车化。项目组发布新闻稿称，从家步行不到10分钟，便可低达“市内所有便利设施”。

In a statement, UNStudio co-founder Ben van Berkel said that residents' "daily life experience" is the project's "top priority."

UNStudio建筑师事务所的联合创始人本·凡·贝克尔在一份声明中称，居民的“日常生活体验”是整个项目的“重中之重”。

"We do this through the inclusion of a rich density of uplifting, curated on-site experiences that provide an extensive range of options for how they can spend their living, working and leisure time, thereby also saving them the time needed to travel elsewhere in the city -- because with time that is saved, more time is created," he is quoted as saying.

他在声明中说道：“我们在项目中密集植入了各种令人振奋的精心设计，为居民提供了生活、工作和休闲的多样化选择，节省了前往市内其他地方的时间。这样一来，时间就省下来了。”

A spokesperson for UNStudio confirmed that project has been green-lit but did not disclose when it is likely to break ground. For now, a series of CGI renderings hint at how the neighborhood will look, with public plazas, gardens, green roofs and "nature zones" connected by pedestrian walkways.

UNStudio的一名发言人证实该项目已获批，不过没有透露何时动工。目前只能看到电脑生成的效果图，图上显示这个社区有广场、花园、绿色屋顶以及连接多条人行道的“自然区”。

The architects also said that clean energy will be generated on site, while systems to capture and store rain are being designed to reduce water use.

这家建筑公司还透露，社区内可以就地生产清洁能源，还有收集和储存雨水的节水系统。

The "15-minute city" concept was first proposed by French-Colombian academic Carlos Moreno in 2016, and was more recently popularized by Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo, who proposed making the French capital a "ville du quart d'heure" -- a quarter-hour city -- during her recent reelection campaign.

2016年，法裔哥伦比亚籍学者卡洛斯·莫雷诺首次提出“15分钟城市”的概念，近期在巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈的连任竞选活动中得以推广。安妮提议把巴黎改造成为“ville du quart d'heure（一刻钟城市）”。

Critics have suggested that the concept could cause gentrification by further concentrating wealth in the most accessible and convenient districts. The desirability of "15-minute" neighborhoods may, in turn, result in home prices that exclude low-income and marginalized communities.

也有批评人士指出，这一概念可能会让财富往最便利地区集中，导致住宅高档化。“15分钟”社区的高需求量最后可能会抬高房价，把低收入者和边缘化社区排除在外。

But the Covid-19 pandemic has seen growing interest in the concept. With people around the world working from home and avoiding public transport, urban planners have begun pedestrianizing streets and reimagining how cities manage dense populations.

即便如此，新冠疫情的暴发催热了这一概念。考虑到世界各地的人们都在家办公，不再乘坐公交，城市规划部门开始将车道改为步行区，并重新考虑城市安置高密度人口的方式。

Writing in the academic journal Smart Cities earlier this year, Moreno said, "The emergence of this pandemic exposed the vulnerability of cities ... and the need for a radical re-thinking, where innovative measures need to be tailored to ensure that urban residents are able to cope and continue with their basic activities, including cultural ones, to ensure that cities remain both resilient and livable in the short and long terms."

莫雷诺今年早些时候在学术杂志《智慧城市》中写道：“疫情的来袭暴露了城市的脆弱性……我们需要彻底改变思维，并根据具体情况制定新措施，保证城市居民的日常生活以及文化活动，确保城市在短期和长期内都能适应变化、适宜居住。”

traction

英 [ˈtrækʃn]；美[ˈtrækʃn]  

n. 牵引；牵引力，拉力

curate

英 [ˈkjʊərət , kjʊəˈreɪt]；美[ˈkjʊrət , kjʊˈreɪt]  

n. （某教区的）助理牧师

v. 管理；策展；任（图书馆等的）馆长

upliftings

英 [ˌʌpˈlɪftɪŋs]；美[ˌʌpˈlɪftɪŋs]  

n. （复）令人振奋，鼓舞人心，催人奋进的事物

gentrify

英 [ˈdʒentrɪfaɪ]；美[ˈdʒentrɪfaɪ]  

v. （使）贵族化；（使）高档化；改造以适应高阶层

pedestrianize

英 [pəˈdestriənaɪz]；美[pəˈdestriənaɪz]  

v. 变为行人专用；（使）成为步行区