【趣味中医英语】中药方剂英文介绍（双语字幕）

【趣味中医英语】中药方剂英文介绍（双语字幕）

The term” Chinese medicines" is generally used for all kinds of herbs and other materials used in Chinese traditional medicine. 

中药是我国传统药物的总称。

Chinese medicines come mainly from plants, animals and minerals,among which plants make up the greater part and are used the most,

中药主要来源于植物、动物和矿物3种，其中大部分为植物，且使用也最普遍，

so Chinese materia medica was known as "herbology" in ancient times.

故自古以来，国人相沿把中药学称为“本草学”。

In modern times, the term "herbology" has gradually changed in name to Chinese materia medica.

到了近代，本草学才逐渐改称“中药学”。

China is a country with a vast territory and rich resources.

我国地域辽阔，资源丰富，

People have ceaselessly discovered new medicines and summarized their clinical application in everyday life.

人们在长期的生活实践中，不断地发现药材和总结其应用经验，

The number of recognized Chinese medicines gradually increased,

使中药的种类逐步增多，

and now the number of species and materials used has reached a total of 8000 different kinds,

经目前整理，已约达8 000种，

of which 500 are commonly used clinically,

临床常用的约有500种。

Because traditional Chinese medicines mostly originate from natural resources,

由于中药取材于天然资源,

they are also called "green medicines".

所以又被称为“绿色药物”。

Chinese medicines have been used for several thousand years without declining

中药不但在我国应用数千年而不衰，

and are increasingly receiving greater recognition from many countries around the world.

而且在世界上也越来越引起众多国家的重视

initial knowledge of Chinese materia medica was formed gradually after our remote ancestors consciously tested and observed their properties over a long period.

古人经过长期的有意识的试验、观察，逐步形成了最初的药学知识。

It was recorded in the ancient books that Shen Nong "tasted hundreds of herbs and in one day came across toxicants about seventy times",

我国古籍中记述的“神农尝百草，一日而遇七十毒”的传说，

showing vividly the hardship in getting to know Chinese materia medica suffered by our remote ancestors.

生动地反映了人们认识药物的艰难过程。

Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (The Classic of Herbology) is the earliest ancient medical book extant in China.

《神农本草经》是我国现存最早的一部药物学典籍。

It recorded 365 medicines

该书共收载了365种药物，

and classified them into three grades: high, middle and low grades.

把药物分为上、中、下三品，

It also discussed the four attributes and five flavors, toxicity,

书中还论述了药物的四气、五味、有毒无毒，

monarch, minister, assistant and envoy effects as well as the compatibility of Chinese medicines,

君臣佐使、七情等，

which established a basis for the development of the Chinese materia medica.

为中药学的发展奠定了基础。

The great Ming Dynasty (1368 -1644 AD) medical scientist Li Shizhen,

明代伟大的医学家李时珍，

who summarized and synthesized ancient herbology in all his life,

以毕生精力对古代本草学进行了全面的整理总结，

 spent over 27 years editing Ben Cao Gang Mu (The Grand Materia Medica).

历时27年,编成《本草纲目》这一科学巨著。

There were 1 892 medicines and more than11 000 prescriptions in this book,

该书载药1 892种，附方11 000多首。

 in which the pictures were drawn, former errors were corrected

改绘药图，订正错误，

and the medicines were classified into 16 major categories and 60 types

并分为16纲、60类，

according to their natural properties and ecological conditions.

按药物的自然属性和生态条件为分类基础，

Li Shizhen made outstanding contributions to the development of the Chinese materia medica,

李时珍为中药学的发展作出了巨大的贡献，

and is recognized as one of the greatest scientists in the world.

被公认为世界伟大的科学家之一。

Today, Chinese materia medica, an important component of traditional Chinese medicine,

而今，中药学作为中医的一项重要组成部分

is the study of the basic theory of Chinese medicines and their origination, collection, processing, property,action and clinical applications.

主要研究的是中药的来源、采集、加工、性质、功效和临床运用。

 The theory of the properties of Chinese medicines is the basic theory of Chinese materia medica,

中药学理论的核心就是中药的药性理论，

which includes the four attributes, the five flavors, the attributive meridians,

主要包括药物的四气、五味、归经、

the properties of lifting, lowering, floating and sinking as well as the toxicity.

升降浮沉、毒性等。

The four different attributes of Chinese medicines are: cold, hot, warm and cool.

所谓四气，是指药物的寒热温凉四种药性。

Generally speaking,

一般而言，

Chinese medicines of cold or cool attribute

属于寒性或凉性的药物

are good for clearing heat, purging fire, cooling the blood and removing toxic substances;

具有清热泻火、凉血解毒等作用，

they can alleviate or relieve yang heat syndromes.

能够减轻或消除阳热病证

Chinese medicines of hot or warm attribute

属于热性或温性的药物

have the effects of warming the interior, dispersing cold, restoring yang from collapse,

具有温里散寒、回阳救逆、

warming the meridians, activating the collaterals, supplementing fire and supporting yang;

温通经络，补火助阳等作用

they can alleviate or relieve yin cold syndromes.

能够减轻或消除阴寒病证

The five flavors of Chinese medicines are acrid, sweet, sour, bitter and salty.

五味，是指辛、甘、酸、苦、咸五种不同的药味。

They are determined by the actual tastes

确定中药五味的主要依据，一是药物本身的味道，

and effects of the medicines.

二是药物的作用。

In general, acrid medicines have the function of dispersing and promoting qi and blood circulation.

一般认为，辛味药物具有发散、行气活血的作用;

Sweet medicines are tonifying, regulating the middle-jiao and relieve spasms.

甘味药物具有补益、和中、缓急的作用;

Sour medicines have the effects of astringing and arresting discharge.

酸味药有收敛、固涩的作用;

Bitter medicines are used to purge, dry damp and fortify yin.

苦味药具有泄降、燥湿和坚阴作用:

Salty medicines can soften a mass and disperse stagnation.

咸味药有软坚散结、

They are purgatives, which promote defecation and suppress the excess yang.

泻下和潜降之作用。

Lifting, lowering, floating and sinking are terms used to describe the direction of medicinal action.现在0

升降浮沉是指药物作用于人体的几种趋向。

The first two are relative, as are the latter two.

升和降、浮与沉，都是相对的。

Lifting and floating medicines act upward and outward 

升浮药物的特点是向上向外，

and possess the actions of lifting yang, inducing sweating, expelling wind and cold and resuscitating patients.

具有升阳、举陷、发表、散寒、祛风、开窍等药理作用;

Lowering and sinking medicines act downward and inward

而沉降药物的特点则是向下向里，

and have the actions of suppressing the hyperactive yang, descending counter-flow of qi,

具有潜阳、降逆下气、

relieving asthma, astringing, promoting excretion and eliminating damp.

平喘、收敛、泻下、渗利等作用:

Meridian attribution is a kind of drug-applying rule summarized by the ancients during their long clinical practice,

归经是古人在长期临床实践中总结出来的一种用药规律

they came to know that some medicines had special therapeutic effects on some diseases related to zangfu organs and meridians.

他们发现某种药物对某些脏腑、经络的疾病具有特殊的治疗效果，

It explains the location where Chinese medicines act.

是药物作用的定位概念，即表示药物作用部位。

In addition, the study of Chinese materia medica deals with the wide range of habitat,

此外，中药学还包括对中药的产地、

collection,storage, processing, compatibility, action and clinical applications of Chinese medicines.

采收、贮存以及中药的炮制、配伍、功效、临床应用等多方面的研究。

in achieving a desired effect. A prescription will never be decided on by the physician until careful diagnosis of the pathology and determination of treatment have been made.

为求更好的疗效，处方是根据病情的需要，在辨证审因，确定治法之后而定

The medicines in the prescription are chosen according to fixed composite principles

选择适当的药物，按照一定的组方原则，

and the quantity used and the purpose of a given medicine in the formula is based on the actual diagnosis given to be applied,used directly in clinical treatment,

酌定用量用法，做成一定的剂型，然后直接用于临床治疗。

a Chinese prescription is an embodiment of one of the basic characteristics of TCM-treatment based on syndrome differentiation.

中药方剂也是中医理、法、方、药辨证论治基本特点在临床治疗中的具体体现。

A typical self-contained prescription is composed of medicines respectively playing the roles of monarch, minister, assistant and envoy.

一首典型、完整的方剂，是由不同的药物担任君、臣、佐、使的角色组成。

The monarch acts as the chief medicine for treating the pathogen or the disease;

其中君药是该方剂中的主药，起到主要治疗作用。

the minister helps the monarch or intensifies the effect of the monarch;

臣药则协助君药治疗主证或兼证。

the assistant helps to deal with the secondary symptom and sign, or eliminates the side effects of the monarch and the minister;

佐药协助臣药治疗兼证或监制主药的毒副作用。

and the envoy leads the other medicines to the diseased part, and/or balances the effects of the medicines.

使药则起“引经报使”或调和各药的作用。

Although a prescription consists of four kinds of medicines,

方剂组成虽然分为君、臣、佐、使四个方面，

they are not separated or isolated.

但每味药物并不是孤立的，

Instead, their scientific combination and hierarchy create a dynamic inner link between them

而是合理地排列组合，它们之间有着动态的内在联系，

and produce mutual influence, interaction, as well as a comprehensive response.

彼此相互影响，相互作用，综合反应。

It is evident that the composition of a TCM prescription is fairly rigid.

可见中医方剂的组成法度相当严谨。

A curative effect can be expected only when a well-balanced prescription is achieved based on composite compatible standards.

掌握方剂的组织法度，正确选用药物组成精当处方，才能发挥其治疗疾病的良好效果。

主播：谢子善（毕业于福建中医药大学） 

制作：青囊和声