趣味语法:第5课 时态的秘密-2

趣味语法:第5课 时态的秘密-2

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                                                              第5课时光机器

-doing的家族

一、Lead-in:

解说: do 表达动作,doing 表达过程,done表达结果


二、During-task:

1.    现在进行时:

(1)    表示现在正在进行的动作;

1:请不要吵闹,我正在学习。

Please don’t make so much noise. I am studying.

(2)    表示最近一段时期的状态;

1:最近一段时间你在干什么?我在翻译一本书。

     What are you doing these days? I amtranslating a book.

2:这周你在上班吗?不,我在休假呢。

     Are you working this week? No, I’m onholiday.

(3)    表示未来“计划安排好”的事情,一般多用语口语;

1:今晚我要和Peter见面,他要带我去看戏。

     I’m meeting Peter tonight. He’s taking meto the theatre.

2:我今晚没事,咱们去打网球吧?

     I’m not doing anything tonight. Shall we goplaying tennis?

区别于:I will not do anything. (主观上不愿做)

(4)    表示抱怨、厌烦;

1Jack常常借钱忘还。

Jack is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay back.

2:他总是把厨房弄得乱七八糟。

He is always messing up the kitchen!

特别注意:情感表达(于一般现在时的区别)

(1)     How do you feel today? (仅仅询问情况)

How are you feeling today? (表示关切)

(2)     She does good job at school. (说明情况)

She is doing good work at school. (表示赞美)

(3)     He often complains of his job. (情况描述)

He is often complaining of his job. (表示厌烦)

2.    过去进行时:

(1)    表示过去某一个或某一特定时期正在发生的事;

1:昨晚这个时候我正在和我的上司讨论我的方案。

     I was discussing my plan with my directorat this time last night.

2:那时你在邮局工作,对吧?

     You were working in the post office,weren’t you?

(2)    在讲述过去的情况时,作为背景信息描述;

1Last weekend, afriend and I were trying to look cool in front of some girls at the mall. Wewere not looking and we walked right into a glass door.

3.    将来进行时:

(1)    表示将来某一特定时刻正在进行的活动;

1This timetomorrow we’ll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film

2On Sundaymorning, Bill will be working in the garden.

(2)    表示安排好要做的事;

1:他下星期要考试。

     He will be taking an  exam next week.

2:他到时不会来参加聚会,因为总经理要见他。

     He will not be coming to the party becausethe general manager wants to see him.

(3)    对比与发现:

 I will notsee him while I’m in Shanghai. (主观情感,不愿见他)

 Iwill not be seeing him while I’m in Shanghai. (客观情况,见不到他)

Won’t you come with us?  你不想和我们一起去吗?(邀请)

Won’t you be coming with us? 你不是和我们一起吗?(询问事实)

4.    现在完成进行时:

(1)    表示一个从过去持续到现在的动作;

1:我一直在找我的狗,到现在还没找到。

I’ve been looking for my dog, but still haven’t found.

2:她等长途电话都等了一夜了。

     She has  been expecting a long distance call all nightlong.

3:你戴眼镜有多少年了?

     How long have you been wearing glasses?

(2)    对比与发现:

A1: I’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕。(已做好)

B1: I’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做蛋糕。(到现在不一定做好了)

A2: They have built a bridge. 他们建了一座桥。(桥已建好)

B2: They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在建一座桥。(桥可能还没建好)

5.    过去完成进行时:

(1)    表示从过去的某一时刻持续到过去一个时刻的过程;

1:战争一直打了两年,直到去年他们达成一项停火协议。

The war had beengoing on for two years until they agreed on a cease-fire.

2: 雨停之前,他们已经连续工作了36小时了。

    They have been working for 36 hours beforeit stopped to rain.

6.    将来完成进行时:

(1)    表示一个状态持续进行到将来的某一时刻;

1:再过一个月,我在这里学习就满三年了。

     In another month’s time, I’ll have beenstudying here for 3 years.

2:到今年年底,她演戏将满20年了。

     By the end of this year, she will have beenacting for 20 years.

三、Summary:

Doing从词法上看,描述的是过程和状态,因此是从客观角度来描述一件事的发生情况,就是讲事情本身,表存在,说明有这件事情发生了。一定要与do的表示动作和done的表示结果,区别开来。

(1)     do 表示“做,不做,或者做了,没做”; doing表示“发生或没发生;

(2)     doing 表示过程,done 表示结果。

四、Practice:

1.    我最近几个月一直在学习空手道,因为能让我快速塑型。

I am learning karate these months, as it can get me inshape quick.

2.    去年暑假我一直在麦当劳兼职打工。

I was working as a part-timer in MacDonald last summerholiday.

3.    下节课我们不会讲那个部分,因为考试不要求。

We will not be teaching that topic, as it is not a requiredpart in the exam.

4.    我们学了10年英语,却什么都没学会。

We have been studying English for 10 years, but have gotnothing.

5.    昨天晚上你回来之前我一直在做饭。

I had been preparing the dinner before you came backyesterday evening.

6.    到明年年底,我就为这个公司干满30年了。

By the end of next year, I will have been working for thiscompany for 30 years.



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