Beyond Critical Thinking

Why our existing beliefs are failing us


Homo sapiens: Latin for “wise human”

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Art of bad idea removal

Wisdom contacts when we remove something bad
• by shining light on shadows


Philosophizing is paying attention to problematic features of ideas , helping others realize the draw backs of being overly fond of them


Philosophy is more art than science


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Critical thinking has not served us well
• 2016 election of Donald trump is a good example
• We are not doing enough of the right thing to prevent making bad choices


In recent years, Psychologist are trying to prove that biases are pervasive and sometimes innate


The best middle ground
• yes , everyone has biases. But it does not mean we are all equally hostage to them
◦ Some are easily persuable, some are not



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What accounts for mental immunity??? What attributes to it???





This book tries to answer the question:

Can a mind be infected by bad ideas?

Being a critical thinking means having a strong mental immune system!!!


Immune system analogy
1. T cells hunt down biological parasite/ our minds needs similar defense
2. Reasons ,questions are like antibodies