第三十一篇

Passage 31
Sudden steering system failure of an oil tanker led to collision with a passing bulk carrier in the Baltic Sea. The collision resulted in serious damage to both vessels and spillage of 2，700 tonnes of fuel oil from the tanker.
The cause of the sudden steering failure could not be established. Small passing distance (0.5 miles) between the two vessels precluded effective avoidance action being taken on both vessels. Both vessels unnecessarily restricted their passing distance by choosing the deepwater route although their relatively shallow draft permitted them to use the recommended directions of traffic flow outside the deepwater route.
Vessels should avoid using deepwater routes when their draft permits them to use a traffic separation scheme. OOW should remain at heightened alert when passing another vessel at close range and should be vigilant(警惕) for equipment failure and unexpected response from own or other vessel including interaction between vessels passing each other at close distances.
油轮的操舵系统的突然故障导致了与在波罗的海通过散货船碰撞。这个碰撞造成了严重损害两个船舶和油轮中有2700吨燃油溢出。
突然操舵故障原因无法确定。两船之间的小距离通过（0.5海里）妨碍有效避免的行动。两艘船没必要限制通行距离通过选择深水航线，虽然他们相对吃水浅允许他们使用交通流以外的深水航线。
船舶应避免使用深水航线当他们的吃水允许其使用分道通航制。值班驾驶应保持高度警觉当另一只船近距离通过时应提高警惕，为设备故障和从自己或其他船只，包括在两船近距离之间相互作用的意外反应（警惕）。