第二篇

Passage02

Nowadays，most merchant ships are built to carry cargoes. And they mainly operate as tramps. These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed  timetable，but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry. Tramps can  be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps. A number are classed as  coasters. These apply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. The traditional  tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes，but some are designed to carry general  cargoes.

A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo. There are several types of specialized vessel. The most common are oil tankers. They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas(LNG) carriers.

目前，大多数商船的建造是携带货物。他们主要经营的是不定线货船。这些船不会在定期航线上航行或保持一个固定的时间表，他们那里有货那里去装。货船可被分为远洋货轮或近海货轮。不少的船是沿岸航行的。他们从事近岸航线和内陆河运的港口。传统的货船的货物是干散货，但有些是设计为装杂货。

大量的商船是专业化船舶。这些都是被设计去携带特定类型的货物。特种船只有几种类型。最常见的是油轮。他们是由大型石油企业或独立经营者拥有。两个其他类型日益重要的液体散货船是化学品船和液化天然气（LNG）船。