The Art Of Atomic Diplomacy(Part One)双语文本

The Art of Atomic Diplomacy（part one）核武外交的艺术（上篇）

The term “atomic diplomacy” refers to a nation’s use of the threat of nuclear warfare to achieve its diplomatic and foreign policy goals. In the years following its first successful test of an atomic bomb in 1945, the United States federal government occasionally sought to use its nuclear monopoly as a non-military diplomatic tool

“核武外交”的含义是指一个国家通过威胁使用核武的方式来达到其外交目的。1945年美国在原子弹实验成功的往后几年，联邦政府常常利用其核武垄断的优势，作为非军事外交工具。

重点词句：

the threat of ……的威胁

例句：

The threat of losing their jobs is a constant source of worry to them.

丢掉工作的威胁时常使他们忧心忡忡。

The threat of renewed civil war looms ahead.

新一轮内战的威胁在逼近。

occasionally adv. 偶尔；间或

例句：

We occasionally meet for a drink after work.

我们下班后偶尔相聚小酌。

non-military 非军事；文职

例句：

The 38th parallel between North Korea and South Korea is a non-military zone.

朝鲜和韩国之间的三八线是一个非军事区。

She took a non-military job in the army.

她在部队选择了文职工作。

World War II: The Birth of Nuclear Diplomacy

二战：核武外交的起源

During World War II, the United States, Germany, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain were researching designs of an atomic bomb for use as the “ultimate weapon.” By 1945, however, only the United States developed a working bomb. On August 6, 1945, the United States exploded an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. In seconds, the blast leveled 90% of the city and killed an estimated 80,000 people. Three days later, on August 9, the U.S. dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people.

第二次世界大战期间，美国、德国、苏联和英国都投入到“终极武器”原子弹项目的设计。然而，到1945年，只有美国研制出了有实用性的炸弹。1945年8月6日，美国在日本广岛投爆了一颗原子弹。在几秒钟内，爆炸夷平了90%的城市，估计有8万人丧生。三天后，也就是8月9日，美国在长崎投下了第二颗原子弹，估计造成4万人死亡。

重点词句：

Level 本文的动词用法

vt. 使同等；对准；弄平

vi. 瞄准；拉平；变得平坦

例句：

It will level the playing field for U.S. auto companies and workers.

它将为美国汽车公司和员工打造出公平的竞争环境。

On August 15, 1945, Japanese Emperor Hirohito announced his nation’s unconditional surrender in the face of what he called “a new and most cruel bomb.” Without realizing it at the time, Hirohito had also announced the birth of nuclear diplomacy.

1945年8月15日，日本裕仁天皇(Emperor Hirohito)宣布，因为遭遇到他所谓的“一颗新的、最残酷的炸弹”，日本无条件投降。无意之中，裕仁天皇也“宣布”了核外交的诞生。

The First Use of Atomic Diplomacy核武外交的首秀

While U.S. officials had used the atomic bomb in order to force Japan to surrender, they also considered how the immense destructive power of nuclear weapons could be used to strengthen the nation’s advantage in postwar diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

虽然美国官员使用原子弹的目的是为了迫使日本投降，但他们也考虑过如何利用核武器的巨大破坏力来加强战后对苏联的外交关系中的优势。

重点词句：

strengthen advantage 加强优势

例句：

Strengthen the competition advantage and expand the Chinese market.

增强竞争优势，拓展中国市场。

postwar

adj. 战后的

n. 战后时期

adv. 战后；在战后

例句：

I'm a product of the postwar baby boom.

我是战后婴儿潮的产物。

The story of postwar Europe is deeply inspiring.

战后欧洲的历史是深深令人鼓舞的。

When U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved the development of the atomic bomb in 1942, he decided not to tell the Soviet Union about the project. After Roosevelt’s death in April 1945, the decision of whether to maintain the secrecy of the U.S. nuclear weapons program fell to President Harry Truman.

1942年，当美国富兰克林·d·罗斯福总统在批准了原子弹研制的时候，他决定不告诉苏联这个项目。1945年4月罗斯福去世后，是否对美国核武器计划保密的决定权落在了哈里·杜鲁门总统身上。

重点词句：

fell to 下降到；落到

例句：

He fell to the ground in a dead faint.

他跌倒在地，昏死过去。

With his partner away, all the work now fell to him.

他的搭档走了以后，工作现在全落在他的身上。

In July 1945, President Truman, along with Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met in the Potsdam Conference to negotiate governmental control of already defeated Nazi Germany and other terms for the end of World War II.

1945年7月，杜鲁门总统、苏联总理约瑟夫·斯大林和英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔在波茨坦会议上会面，就战后纳粹德国的行政管理问题和二战结束后的其他条款进行谈判。

重点词句：

along with 与……一道;沿着

例句：Go along with the street and you will find a cinema.

沿着这条街直走，你会看到一家电影院。

The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children.

这个婴儿的母亲和其他两个孩子一起从火里逃了出来。

Without disclosing any specific details about the weapon, President Truman mentioned the existence of an especially destructive bomb to Joseph Stalin, leader of the growing and already feared Soviet Union.

在没有透露具体细节的情况下，杜鲁门总统向约瑟夫·斯大林提到了一种特别具有毁灭性的炸弹的存在，此时的斯大林是越来越令人畏惧的苏联的领导人。

重点词句：

disclose vt. 公开；揭露

例句：

Neither side would disclose details of the transaction.

双方都不会透露交易的细节。

I refuse to disclose any details of the encounter.

我拒绝透露这次会面的任何详情。

By entering the war against Japan in mid-1945, the Soviet Union placed itself in a position to play an influential part in the allied control of post-war Japan. While U.S. officials favored a U.S.-led, rather than a U.S.-Soviet shared occupation, they realized there was no way to prevent it.

1945年中期，宣布对日作战后，苏联希望在战后加入盟军对日本的占领。而美国的官员则倾向于由美国主导，而不是美苏共同占领，后来苏联意识到没有办法阻止美国的想法。

重点词句：

-led

suff. 表示“由…引导的”；表示“（主要）受…影响的”

例句：

The American-led invasion of Iraq.

以美国人为头的伊拉克侵略战。

U.S. policymakers feared the Soviets might use its political presence in post-war Japan as a base for spreading Bolshevism throughout Asia and Europe. Without actually threatening Stalin with the atomic bomb, Truman hoped America’s exclusive control of nuclear weapons, as demonstrated by the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki would convince the Soviets to rethink their plans.

美国决策者担心苏联会利用其政治影响力，以战后的日本为基础向亚洲和欧洲传播布尔什维克主义。在没有以核弹威胁斯大林的情况下，杜鲁门希望通过美国的独家核武器，在广岛和长崎的原子弹爆炸所表现的效果，迫使苏联掂量一下他们的计划。

重点词句：

exclusive control

独家控制；排它控制

例句：

A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity.

对某一商业活动有单独控制权的公司或集团。

In his 1965 book Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam, historian Gar Alperovitz contends that Truman’s atomic hints at the Potsdam meeting amounted to the first use of atomic diplomacy. Alperovitz argues that since the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not needed to force the Japanese to surrender, the bombings were actually intended to influence postwar diplomacy with the Soviet Union.

历史学家加尔·阿尔佩洛维茨在其1965年出版的《核武外交:广岛和波茨坦》一书中认为，杜鲁门在波茨坦会议上关于原子弹的暗示可以算作是核武外交的首秀。阿尔佩洛维茨认为，对广岛和长崎的核攻击不是迫使日本投降的必要条件，核弹轰炸实际上是为了影响战后与苏联的外交关系。

重点词句：

amount to

相当于，总计为

例句：

The spokesman stressed that the measures did not amount to an overall ban.

发言人强调说，这些措施并不等于全面禁止。

Their actions amount to a breach of contract.

他们的行为已属违反合同。

In Britain it may amount to as much as 30% of pay.

在英国，这个数额可能高达工资的30%。

Other historians, however, contend that President Truman truly believed the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing were needed to force the immediate unconditional surrender of Japan. The alternative, they argue would have been an actual military invasion of Japan with the potential cost of thousands of allied lives.

然而，其他历史学家认为，杜鲁门总统真正的想法是，对广岛和长崎的核弹轰炸是迫使日本立即无条件投降的必要之举。另一种选择，他们争论到，对日本进行军事入侵可能导致数千名盟军丧生。

重点词汇：

contend

vi. 竞争；奋斗；斗争；争论

vt. 主张；为...斗争

It is time, once again, to contend with racism.

又是对付种族主义的时候了。

Nurses often have to contend with violent or drunken patients.

护士经常不得不对付粗暴的或喝醉酒的病人。

US Covers Western Europe with a ‘Nuclear Umbrella’美国在西欧建立的“核武保护伞”

During the first several years after the end of World War II, the United States’ control of nuclear weapons was far more successful at creating lasting alliances in Western Europe. Even without placing large numbers of troops inside their borders, America could protect the Western Bloc nations under its “nuclear umbrella,” something the Soviet Union did not yet have.

在第二次世界大战结束后的头几年里，美国对核武器的控制，在与西欧持久关系的维系上取得了成功的影响。即使没有在这些国家境内部署大量军队，美国也可以将这些西方集团国家保护在它的“核保护伞”之下，而这一切是苏联还做不到的。

The assurance of peace for America and her allies under the nuclear umbrella would soon be shaken, however, as the U.S. lost its monopoly over nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb in 1949, the United Kingdom in 1952, France in 1960, and the People’s Republic of China in 1964. Looming as a threat since Hiroshima, the Cold War had started.

随着美国对核武的垄断被打破，美国及其盟友在核保护伞下的和平保障开始动摇。苏联在1949年、英国在1952年、法国在1960年和中华人民共和国在1964年分别成功地试验了第一颗原子弹。自从广岛原子弹爆炸后，冷战登场。

重点词句：

monopoly

n. 垄断；垄断者；专卖权

The banks have what amounts to a monopoly.

这些银行几乎接近于垄断。

Had he succeeded, he would have acquired a monopoly.

如果他那时成功了，他就会获得垄断地位。

The Wall Street Journal commented that Russia will now hold a monopoly over manned spaceflight.

对此，美媒《华尔街日报》感慨，俄自此将独霸载人航天领域。