第五课

Lesson Five Text
　Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much?
　Benjamin Spock
　While traveling for various speaking engagements,
　I frequently stay overnight in the home of a family
　and am assigned to one of the children's bedrooms.
　In it,I often find so many playthings
　that there's almost no room for my small toilet kit.
　And the closet is usually so tightly packed with clothes
　that I can barely squeeze in my jacket.
　I'm not complaining, only making a point.
　I think that the tendency to give children an overabundance of toys and clothes
　is quite common in American families,
　and I think that in far too many families
　not only do children come to take their parents' generosity for granted,
　but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.
　Of course,I'm not only thinking of the material possessions children are given.
　Children can also be overindulged with too many privileges
　— for example,when parents send a child to an expensive summer camp
　that the parents can't really afford.
　Why parents give their children too much,
　or give things they can't afford?
　I believe there are several reasons.
　One fairly common reason
　is that parents overindulge their children out of a sense of guilt.
　Parents who both hold down full-time jobs
　may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children
　and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material possessions.
　Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up,
　along with those things the parents yearned for but didn't get.
　Still others are afraid to say no to their children's endless requests for toys
　for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed
　if they don't have the same playthings their friends have.
　Overindulgence of a child also happens
　when parentsare unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands.
　Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in
　—but neither response seems satisfactory to them.
　If they refuse a request,
　they immediately feel a wave of remorse
　for having been so strict or ungenerous.
　If they give in, they feel regret and resentment over having been a pushover.
　This kind of vacillation not only impairs the parents' ability to set limits,
　it also sours the parent-child relationship to some degree,
　robbing parents and their children of some of the happiness and mutual respect
　that should be present in healthy families.
　But overindulging children with material things
　does little to lessen parental guilt
　(since parents never feel that they've given enough),
　nor does it make children feel more loved
　(for what children really crave is parents' time and attention).
　Instead,the effects of overindulgence can be harmful.
　Children may, to some degree, become greedy,self-centered,
　ungratefuland insensitive to the needs and feelings of others,
　beginning with their parents.
　When children are given too much,
　it undermines their respect for their parents.
　In fact,
　the children begin to sense that a parent's unlimited generosity is not right
　The paradoxical result may be that these children will push furher,
　unconsciously hoping that,
　if they push too hard,they will force their parents into setting limits.
　Also,overindulged children
　are not as challenged as children with fewer playthings
　to be more creative in their play.
　They have fewer opportunities to learn the value of money,
　and have less experience in learning to deal with a delay in gratification,
　if every requested object is given on demand.
　The real purpose of this discussion is not to tell parents how much
　or how little to give to their children.
　Rather,my intent is to help those parents who have already sensed
　that they might be overindulging their children but don't know how to stop.
　Parents who are fortunate enough not to have a problem with feelings of guilt
　don't need to respond crossly to their children
　when denying a specific request
　which is thought to be unreasonable.
　They can explain, cheerfully,that it's too expensive
　—except perhaps as a birthday or holiday gift
　—or that the child will have to contribute to its purchase from an allowance
　or from the earnings of an outside job.
　It's the cheerfulness and lack of hesitation
　that impress upon the child that parents mean what they say.
　A cross response signals that the parents are in inner conflict.
　In fact,I'll make a rash statement that I believe is true,by and large:
　Children will abide by what their siricerely believe is right.
　They only begin arguing and pes-iring when they detect uncertainty or guilt,
　and sense that their parents can be pushed to give them what they want,
　if they just keep at fit.
　But the truth is that a child really wants parents to be in control
　—even if it means saying no to a request
　and to act with conviction in a kind and loving fashion.
　But, you may answer,
　I often am uncertain about whether to give in to many of my children's requests.
　That doesn't mean you can't change.
　First you should try to determine what makes you submissive or guilty.
　Then, even if you haven't uncovered the reason,
　you should begin to make firm decisions and practice
　responding to your children's requests in a prompt,definite manner.
　Once you turn over a new leaf,
　you can't expect to change completely right away.
　You are bound to vacillate at times.
　The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement,
　expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any change.
　And even after you are handling these decisions in a firmer
　and more confident manner,
　you can't expect your children to respond immediately
　For a while they'll keep on applying the old pressures that used to work so well.
　But they'll eventually come to respect your decisions
　once they learn that nagging and arguing no longer work.
　In the end, both you and your children will be happier for it.