2006年考研练习---翻译题

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?

XX知识分子被排斥，在社会上被考虑没有交代，这是真的吗？

I am going to suggest that it is not true.

我要指出这不是真的。

Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America.

布鲁克贝根根神父在观察到是知识分子拒绝美国时，讲了这个故事的一部分。

But they have done more than that.

但他们做的不止这些。

They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual.

他们对知识分子的作用越来越不满。

It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.

是他们，而不是美国，成为反知识分子。

First, the object of our study pleads for definition.

首先，我们研究的对象要求定义。

What is an intellectual?

什么是知识分子？

(46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.

(46)我将把他定义为一个个人，他选择以苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，作为他的首要职责和乐趣。他有意识地、清晰、坦率地探讨这类问题，首先提出事实问题，然后提出道德问题，最后，根据他获得的事实和道德信息，提出似乎适当的行动。

(47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

（47） 他的职责类似于法官，必须接受以尽可能明显的方式揭示导致他作出决定的推理过程的义务。

This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals— the average scientist for one.

这个定义排除了许多通常被称为知识分子的人——一个一般科学家。

(48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties— he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.

（48） 我排除了他，因为，虽然他的成就可能有助于解决道德问题，除了这些问题的事实方面，他并没有负责处理任何问题。像其他人一样即使在日常履行职责时，他也会遇到道德问题——他不应该做实验、制造证据或医生报告。

(49) But his primary task is not to think about moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

（49）但他的主要任务是不要去思考道德准则，支配他的活动任何比商人更多的商人将致力于探索商业行为规则。

During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

在他醒着的生活中，他会把他的代码视为理所当然，作为商人采取他的道德。

The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.

该定义还排除了大多数教师，尽管教学历来是许多知识分子谋生的方法。

(50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

（50）他们可能教得很好，而且比挣工资还多，但他们中的大多数人很少或根本没有对涉及道德判断的人类问题进行独立思考。

This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars.

这种描述甚至适合大多数著名学者。

Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts", as Emerson would say, is something else.

在人类知识的某些分支中学习是一回事，正如艾默生所说，生活在"公共和杰出的思想"中是另外一回事。