医学英语：“超级传播者”中英文字幕

已入二月，春风快要拂面来。

A super-spreader is a host—an organism infected with a disease—that disproportionally infects more secondary contacts than other hosts who are also infected with the same disease. A sick human can be a super-spreader; they would be more likely to infect others than most people with the disease. Super-spreaders are thus of high concern in epidemiology (the study of the spread of diseases).

超级传播者是感染了某种疾病的宿主。与其他感染相同疾病的宿主相比，该宿主二次接触感染的比例更高。患病者可成为超级传播者，他们比大多数患有同样疾病的人更容易感染他人。因此，超级传播者在流行病学（疾病传播的研究）中受到高度关注。

Some cases of super-spreading conform to the 20/80 rule, where approximately 20% of infected individuals are responsible for 80% of transmissions, although super-spreading can still be said to occur when super-spreaders account for a higher or lower percentage of transmissions. In epidemics with super-spreading, the majority of individuals infect relatively few secondary contacts.

在某些情况下，超级传播符合20/80规则，其中约20％的感染者传播了80％的人群。尽管超级传播者的传播比例或能更高也可能更低，但均被认为发生了超级传播。在具有超级传播的流行病中，大多数人体感染相对数量较少的二次接触者。

Super-spreading events are shaped by multiple factors including a decline in herd immunity, nosocomial infections, virulence, viral load, misdiagnosis, airflow dynamics, immune suppression, and co-infection with another pathogen.

超级传播事件are shaped by multiple factors受多种因素影响，包括herd immunity畜群免疫力下降，nosocomial infections医院感染，（病菌）毒力，virulence viral load病毒载量，misdiagnosis误诊，airflow dynamics气流动力学，immune suppression免疫抑制以及与其它病原体的共同感染。