第三章-托福口语Task1（原Task2）详解之工作大类

工作
在工作类题目的作答过程中，容易用到的词或词组有： engage in、 vocation、 proactive、 assertive、 sense of accomplishment、 self-fulfillment、 workaholic ... 
工作类背景句练习 
例句： In contemporary society the competition is increasingly fierce, therefore people should know more to do a good job. 
 
Some people have one career throughout their lives. Other people do different kinds of work at different points in their lives. Which do you think is better? Explain why.
TPO-6 TASK 2
 
参考答案： 
I believe that having one career for most of one’s life is better than having different kinds of work at different points in life. Changing careers brings a lot of uncertainty along with it. Between the time gaps of the two different jobs, will you have income? Will you be able to support your family? Won’t your living standard be affected? I believe that keeping one type of career is more stable and will always provide money to buy food and necessities for your family. Keeping one type of job is safer, and this is better for supporting a family. 
——改编自《新托福真题详解——口语分卷（第一册）第二版》 
答案解析： 
第一句“I believe that having one career for most of one’s life is better than having different kinds of work at different points in life.”是观点句，采用“having one career for most of one’s life” 作为观点部分即宾语从句的主语，动名词短语作主语，也属于 我们前文讲述过的无灵主语的内容，这里就不再多说了。 
第二句“Changing careers brings a lot of uncertainty along with it.”句型结构与上句类似，用到了无灵主语常接的动词 “bring”，大家可以注意一下。 
第三句“Between the time gaps of the two different jobs, will you have income?”是一般疑问句，表反问。
 
TIPS 
在口语作答中，使用疑问句和感叹句是常见的表达语言色彩的方式。 
疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。 
1. 一般疑问句用升调表达，这是在口语表达时需要注意的语调。一般疑问句常用于引出口语中将要表达的话题，有设问的功能，也就是在文章中对自己将要给出的话题进行提问并由自己给出答案。 其基本句型结构如下： 
如果谓语中有情态动词、助动词或 be 动词，将这些词移到主语之前。 
Can you talk to your classmates or your professors in an online course?（can 提前） 
Will studying math and science lead to a better job later in life?（will 提前） 
Is there anything different from your hometown?（is提前） 
如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或 be 动词，就在主语前加助动词 do（does/did...），原句中的动词改为原形。 
Do they have an affordable way to travel around if they want to stay out late?( 加 do 提前 ) 
Does everyone have the same need for schooling?（加does 提前） 
在口语中使用一般疑问句时唯一需要注意的就是不规则动词要用原形。而不规则动词的原形、过去式、过去分词的发音并不一致， 一旦说错，这些小但明显的错误是很容易被 rater 听见的，例如： 
陈述句： I found the painting memorable. 
疑问句： Did you find the painting memorable? 
（以上均属于小学英语语法知识，这里就不再多说了） 
2. 特殊疑问句，用于对自己将要展开的观点向听众提问，拓展思路。一般建议大家使用 whom 和 whose 来进行表达，这纯粹是出于展现语言能力的考虑。特殊疑问句的句首要使用疑问词，包括疑问代词（who、 whom、whose、 which、 what）和疑问副词（when、 where、 why、how、 how many、 how much、 how long、 how old...）。 值得注意的是， 特殊疑问句在口语中要用降调表达，不同于一般疑问句要用升调表达， 这是同学们容易犯错误的地方。其基本句型结构如下： 
对主语和主语的定语提问时，与陈述句的语序相同。 
Whose handwriting is this? 
Which book is the pioneer in the field of true crime novels? 
Who helped you study for your finals? 
对句子的其他成分提问时，使用“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”的语序。 
Whom did she refer to in the letter? 
What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? 
Why is it essential to learn a musical instrument? 
3. 反义疑问句由两个部分组成，前一个部分是陈述句，后一个部分是省略的疑问句，两者用逗号隔开。表达时，陈述句部分用降调，疑问句部分用升调。 之所以推崇在口语部分使用这一句型，是因为它提供了一个难得的场景来展示考生的语调变化，先降再升，变化比较明显。 毫不夸张地说，如果在考试中只有一种语调（一般下降语调比较常见），即便流利度很高，用词也较精准，但依旧是特别吃亏的。毕竟口语与写作相比更在乎语音、语调是否能帮助说话人提高表达效果。反义疑问句的基本句型结构如下： 
肯定的陈述句 + 否定的问句 
Cell phones are an essential tool of communication, aren’t they? 
It is difficult to certify the quality of the information searched from Internet, isn’t it? 
否定的陈述句 + 肯定的问句 
It is not a good idea, is it? 
Viewers are not able to find the most objective news from various media resources, are they? 
祈使句 + 问句 
Don’t be shy, will you? 
Let’s imagine a working day ten years later, shall we? 
4. 疑问句中还有一种类别，即选择疑问句。 
Is she a student or a teacher? 
How shall we go, on foot or by bike? 
由于选择疑问句在口语中的使用情况并不常见，在这里我们就不详细描述了。 
感叹句通常以“how”和“what”开头，其中“what”修饰名词，“how” 修饰形容词、副词或动词。感叹句属于大家在口语作答中不太愿意使用的结构，但这实际上是一种体现情绪波动的好方法。 我们既希望在考试时体现语言的多样性，也希望在语调及情绪上有起有落，并由此产生长短不一的停顿，感叹句便是取得这种效果的绝佳契机。 感叹句虽不适合用于提出观点，但用于总结观点或对观点进行展开都是毫无问题的。根据感叹句的不同结构，我们可以将它归纳为以下句型（其中的“主语 +谓语”通常可以省略）。 
句型一： What+a/an+ 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 +谓语！ /What+ 形容词 + 可数名词复数或不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 ! 
What a romantic place it is! 
What loving and caring parents they are! 
What nice music it is! 
句型二： How+ 形容词或副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ /How +形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ 
How careful she is! 
How well she plays! 
How interesting a book it is! 
第四句“Will you be able to support your family? Won’t your living standard be affected?”依旧是疑问句，与上句类似，我就 不再多说了。 
第五句“I believe that keeping one type of career is more stable and will always provide money to buy food and necessities for your family.”使用“necessities”就比“necessary things”更优，这也 是名词化的好处之一。 
第六句“Keeping one type of job is safer, and this is better for supporting a family.”是对观点句的复述，也用比较级表达了自 己的倾向。

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