动物庄园 Day 2 讲解

一、琼斯先生

Mr. Jones, of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for the night,but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes.With the ring of light from his lantern dancing fromside to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his bootsat the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs.Jones was already snoring.

内容解析

Mr. Jones 是Manor Farm的主人，在本书中暗指的是沙皇尼古拉斯二世。

Animal Farm: 动物农场，指动物是主人；Manor Farm: 庄园农场，指人类是主人。由于书中描写的是动物为主人的农场，因此书名为Animal Farm而不是Manor Farm。

单词注释

manor /'mænə/ n. 庄园；领地；采邑

lantern [ˈlæntən] n. 灯笼；提灯

draw [drɔː] v. 从某物中抽取或汲取（其过去式为drew）

barrel [ˈbær(ə)l] n. 桶

scullery [ˈskʌl(ə)rɪ] n. 碗碟洗涤处，碗碟储藏室

snore [snɔː] v. 打鼾 n.鼾声

 语法讲解

With the ringoflightfromhislanterndancingfrom sidetoside,helurchedacrosstheyard,kickedoff hisbootsatthebackdoor, drewhimselfalastglassofbeerfromthebarrelinthescullery,andmadehiswayuptobed,whereMrs.Joneswasalreadysnoring.

 他提着马灯踉踉跄跄地穿过院子，灯光也跟着一直不停地晃来晃去，到了后门，他把靴子一脚一只踢了出去，又从洗碗间的酒桶里舀起最后一杯啤酒，一饮而尽，然后才上床休息。此时，床上的琼斯夫人已是鼾声如雷了。

句法

主句：he lurched …… to bed

伴随状语（从句）：with the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side

 独立主格结构

非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词须另带主语，形成“独立主格结构”。其中，非谓语动词与逻辑主语形成主动关系就用现在分词，被动则用过去分词。

 伴随状语的主语the ring of light from his lantern和主句主语he不一致，因此形成独立主格结构，由于dance和 the ring of the light from his lantern形成主动关系，因此用现在分词dancing.

 重点词汇：

lurch /lɜːtʃ/ v. 踉跄而行，摇摆不定

（这个词让Mr. Jones喝醉后走路东倒西歪的形象跃然纸上。）

同义词: stagger, stumble

e.g. Thezombie is lurching forward to the house.

kicked off his boots at the back door:鞋子不是脱掉的，而是抬腿一踢，掉在门上，和上文一起反映出Mr. Jones一副邋遢的形象，也为下文对农场的管理不善做下铺垫。

made his way: 前进，后面可接各种介词。

e.g. The team can hardly maketheir way through the jungle.

团队几乎无法在丛林中前进。

二、猪老少校（Old Major）：

Word had gone round during the day that old Major, the prize Middle White boar, had had a strange dream on theprevious night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had beenagreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way. Old Major (sohe was always called, though the name under which he had been exhibited was Willingdon Beauty) was sohighly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’ssleep in order to hear what he had to say.

At one endofthebigbarn,onasortofraised platform, Majorwasalreadyensconcedonhis bedofstraw,underalanternwhichhungfromabeam. Hewastwelveyearsoldandhadlatelygrownratherstout,buthewasstillamajestic-looking pig, withawiseandbenevolent appearance inspiteofthefactthathistusheshadneverbeen cut.Beforelongtheotheranimalsbegantoarriveandmakethemselvescomfortableaftertheir differentfashions.

内容解析

       动物造反的鼻祖。猪老少校（Old Major）提出了动物主义的思想，影射马克思和列宁等共产主义领袖。在故事中，他是一头得过奖的灰白色大公猪，号称“威灵顿美人”（Willington Beauty）。

单词注释

major /'meɪdʒə/ n. 少校

boar [bɔː] n.（未阉的）公猪；野猪

barn [bɑːn] n. 谷仓；畜棚

straw [strɔː] n. 稻草

stout [staʊt] adj.结实的；矮胖的

majestic-looking [məˈdʒestɪkˌlʊkɪŋ] adj. 威风凛凛的

tush [tʌʃ] n. 犬齿，长牙（其复数为tushes）

语法解析

1. Old Major (so he was always called, though the name underwhich he had been exhibited was Willingdon Beauty) was so highly regardedon the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order tohear what he had to say.

老少校（大家一直这么叫他， 虽然当年展示他时用的是“威灵顿美人”这个名字）在庄园里深受尊敬，所以大家都十分乐意少睡一小时，来听听他要讲的事情。

句法

Ø  though（连词）表转折，翻译为“虽然”;

Ø  which引导定语从句修饰name，可理解为he had been exhibited under the name Wilingdon Beauty。

重点词汇

be highly regarded 受到高度重视、尊重

2. At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam.

在大谷仓一头一个凸起的台子上，老少校已经安稳地坐在草垫子上了，在他头顶上方的房梁上悬挂着一盏灯。

重点词汇：

ensconce /ɪnˈskɒns/ v.安顿，使安坐

e.g. He ensconced himselfin the closet in order to eavesdrop.

他为了偷听躲到了储藏间里。

同义词:settle, install

beam /biːm/ v. 1. 发送，发射

e.g. The satellite beamedback radio signals to scientists on Earth.

卫星将广播信号发射给地球上的科学家。

同义词:broadcast, transmit

 2. 照射，射出光（或热）

e.g. The sun's raysbeamed down.

大阳光照射下来。

同义词:glare, glitter, gleam, glimmer, twinkle

3. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut.

他已经十二岁了，近来长得有些发胖，但他依然仪表堂堂。尽管事实上他的犬牙从来没有割剪过，这也并不妨碍他面带着智慧和慈祥。

重点词汇：

benevolent/ bɪˈnev(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.仁慈的，慈爱的

（前缀bene-：好的，如benefit，利益、好处；mal-：坏的，如maltreat，虐待）

e.g. He was something of a benevolent despot.

他是一位有几分仁慈的专制君主。

同义词: kind, tender-hearted , good-natured

inspite of: 尽管，与despite是同义词，后接名词。

e.g. She was quite agile in spite of being terribly overweight.

尽管她体重严重超胖，但她身手敏捷。

 4. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions.

不一会，动物们开始陆续赶来，并按各自不同的方式坐稳了。

重点词汇：

beforelong: 不久以后（soon）

※long before 在…之前很久

（long在前—很久前，long在后—不久后）

e.g. Before long he got married.

不久，他结婚了。

 三、三条狗&猪&鸡&鸽子&羊&牛

Firstcame the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher,and then the pigs，who settled down in the straw immediatelyin front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters , the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud.

 内容解析

Ø  三条狗（Bluebell，Jessie，Pincher）是最早的一批狗，身上有捷尔仁斯基的影子。捷尔仁斯基是俄国革命家，全俄肃反委员会“契卡”的创始人。契卡是闻名世界的超级情报机构克格勃的前身。

Ø  猪实际是十分聪明的，在西方人眼中，它们智力与狗相当，甚至可以用来看家。

Ø  鸡、鸽子、羊、牛作为群体出现，无名字。

单词注释

platform ['plætfɔːm] n. 平台,高台

perch [pɜːtʃ] v. 栖息；就位

window-sill[ˈwɪndəʊˌsɪl] n. 窗台

pigeon [ˈpɪdʒɪn] n. 鸽子

flutter [ˈflʌtə] v. 拍；鼓翼

rafter [ˈrɑːftə] n. 椽

cud [kʌd] n. 反刍的食物

语法讲解

First came the three dogs.

最先来的是三条狗。

 句法

倒装句

句首为时间/地点状语，需要主语和谓语完全倒装。

e.g.On the hill lies a barn.

山上有一个谷仓。

四、公马（Boxer）&母马（Clover）：

The two cart-horses, BoxerandClover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw.Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite

got her figure back afterherfourth foal.Boxer was an enormous beast, nearlyeighteen hands high, and as strongas any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and infact he was not of first-rate intelligence,but he was universally respected forhis steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. 

内容解析

     Boxer，隐喻（metaphor）革命力量，是一匹公马，动物主义理念的忠实追随者，时刻积极响应革命领袖的号召，勤劳肯干。积劳成疾后被拿破仑卖给宰马商，象征着相信“革命理论”的广大工人阶级。

    苜蓿（Clover），母马，总是和拳师在一起，是拳师的亲密战友。她的身上似乎有爱琳的影子（奥威尔的第一个妻子，她曾在西班牙陪伴奥威尔）。与拳师一样勤劳，而且十分关心别人，同样象征无产阶级。

单词注释

hoof [huːf] n. 蹄

mare [meə] n. 母马，母驴

foal [fəʊl] n. 驹（尤指一岁以下的马、驴、骡）

hand [hænd] n. 一手之宽（约四英寸, 即10.16厘米,用以量马的高度，eighteenhands即182.88厘米，约1.83米。）

stripe [straɪp] n. 条纹，斑纹

first-rate [ˌfɜːstˈreɪt] adj. 第一流的；最上等的

语法讲解

1. The two cart-horses, Boxer andClover,cameintogether, walkingveryslowlyand setting down their vast hairyhoofswithgreatcarelestthereshould besomesmallanimalconcealedinthestraw.

两匹拉货车套四轮货车的马，拳师和苜蓿鲍克瑟和克拉弗，一块赶来，他们走的很慢，小心翼翼地落下巨大、多毛的蹄子，生怕稻草中会藏有什么小动物。

重点词汇：

lest /lest/: conj. (连词)以免、唯恐

lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气should+动词原形（should可省略）。

同义词: in case, for fear that

e.g. He spent whole daysin his room, wearing headphones lest he（should）disturb anyone.

他整天待在自己屋子里，戴着耳机以免打扰别人。

2. Boxer was anenormousbeast,nearlyeighteen handshigh,andasstrongasanytwoordinary horsesputtogether.

拳师体形庞大，差不多十八手（约两米）高，强壮得能顶上两匹普通的马。

重点词汇

enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/ adj. 大量的，巨大的

（前缀e-表“超出”；norm表“规范”；ous是形容词后缀。）

e.g. Over the pastweeks you seem to have had an enormous emphasis on travel.

过去的几个星期，你似乎多次强调了旅行。

同义词: tremendous ，huge,vast, extensive, expansive

3. A white stripe down hisnosegavehimasomewhat stupid appearance, andin fact he was not offirst-rate intelligence, but hewasuniversallyrespected for his steadiness ofcharacterandtremendouspowersofwork.

沿着鼻子长的一条白毛让他看起来有点笨，事实上他也没有一流的智商，但他因为性格沉稳和干活时惊人的干劲儿收到受到大家普遍的尊敬。

句法

1. 物称做主语（A white stripe down his nose）

2. 形容词名词化 be + adj. = be of + n.（he was not of first-rate intelligence）

重点词汇

universally/juːnɪ'vɜːsəlɪ/ adv. 一致地（不是"全宇宙地"！）

前缀uni-表“单一的”，如unit单元，uniform制服，union同盟，unique独一无二的，unified统一的 unity团结一致。

e.g.Progress is not always universally welcomed.

进步并不总是受到一致的欢迎。

同义词: invariably, always

五、山羊（Muriel）& 驴子（Benjamin）

After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animalon the farm, and the worst tempered.He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark—for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keepthe flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Aloneamong the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say thathe saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless,without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usuallyspent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side and neverspeaking.

内容解析

穆瑞尔（Muriel），是一头白山羊，常和本杰明在一起，没什么突出表现。

本杰明（Benjamin），男子名，源出希伯来语，意思是“幸运儿”。他是动物农场中年龄最大、脾气最坏、冷眼旁观、喜欢说怪话、看笑话的毛驴，代表了一些已经接受现实、不想改变的人。Benjamin的口头禅：Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey.

单词注释

cynical [ˈsɪnɪk(ə)l] adj. 愤世嫉俗的；冷嘲的

forinstance 例如，比如

nevertheless[nevəðəˈles] conj. 然而，不过  adv. 然而，不过；虽然如此

paddock [ˈpædək] n. 小牧场；围场

orchard [ˈɔːtʃəd] n. 果园，果树林

graze [greɪz] v. 吃草，放牧

side byside 并肩，一起

语法讲解

the two of them usually spent their Sundays togetherin the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side andnever speaking.

他俩常常一起在果园那边的小围场消磨周日时间，肩并着肩吃草，但从不交谈。

grazing 现在分词做伴随状语

beyond = on the other sideof  在…另一边、那一边

六、母马（Mollie）

At thelast moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones's trap, came mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to drawattention to the red ribbons itwas plaited with.

内容解析

茉莉（Mollie），是给琼斯驾车的小白母马，喜欢吃糖，爱打扮，经常逃避集体劳动，代表俄国的资产阶级。

单词注释

trap [træp] n. 轻便双轮马车

mincing [ˈmɪnsɪŋ] adj. 装腔作势的，矫饰的

daintily [ˈdeɪntɪlɪ] adv. 讲究地；优美地

lump [lʌmp] n. 块，块状

flirt [flɜːt] v. 玩弄，打情骂俏

mane [meɪn] n. （马等的）鬃毛

plait /plæt/ v. 编织；把…编成辫；给…打褶

语法讲解

She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to drawattention to the red ribbons itwas plaited with.

她挑了个靠前的位置，然后就开始摆动它的白色鬃毛，希望大家注意到它编在鬃毛上的红饰带。

hoping 现在分词做伴随状语

it代指前面的“white mane”

七、猫

Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual,for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover；thereshe purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a wordof what he was saying.

内容解析

猫，无名，在书中是二流子和落后分子的象征。她好吃懒做，不劳动。

单词注释

squeeze [skwiːz] v. 挤

purr [pɜː] v. 发出喉音；咕噜咕噜叫

contentedly[kənˈtentɪdlɪ] adv. 满足地；安心地

八、乌鸦

All the animals were now present exceptMoses, the tame raven, who slept ona perch behind the back door.

内容解析

摩西（Moses），Mr. Jones养的一只乌鸦。

单词注释

tame [teɪm] adj. 驯服的，顺从的

raven [ˈreɪv(ə)n] n. 大乌鸦

perch /pɜːtʃ/ n.栖木；高位

九、小测试

1. Benjamin is      

A. the name of the raven

B. the name of the donkey

C. the name of the mare

D. the name of the goat

2. Mollie is       

A. the name of the goat

B. the name of the farm

C. the name of the donkey

D. the name of the mare

3. Matching questions:

1. Who had a strange dream(C)

2. She made a wall around the ducklings sothey could nestle down inside her great foreleg and fall asleep(B)

3. Often drunk, a slob, not cautious(D)

4. What is the name of the farm(A)

5. What is the Setting, Time, andProblems(E)

A. Manor Farm

B. How Clover helps others

C. Old Major

D. Mr. Jones

E. England, supposedly 1917-1945, Man isevil and the animals want no part of him, thus, a rebellion will begin

True/False questions:

1. Boxer → strong, loyalty , not intelligent, 18 hands high，Awhite stripe downhisnosegavehimasomewhatstupid appearance

True

2. Moses →the name of the goat

False

(the name of the raven is Moses)

The name of the goat is Muriel