2册-072***********************

1.racing n.  

(1) 比速度的比赛（动物，车辆） 

Racing means races between animals, especially horses, or between vehicles.

horse racing

car racing / motor racing

bike racing

注意：racing是统称，不可数，如果具体一场比赛用race

比如：a horse race 

a boat race  

a ten-kilometre race  

racing用作定语表示“用于比赛的”

racing horses.  

racing cars.    

racing drivers  

racing bikes

几种“比赛”的区别

race 比的____【听记1】

match / game 通常是___【听记2】

In a match or game, two individuals or teams compete against each other.

比如：

soccer games ( football matches),

tennis games/matches, basketball games/matches.  

注意：美语中更常用___，英式英语中更常用___。【听记3】

competition：比的是____【听记4】

a music competition ; a photography competition

小结：简单记：

race比______，

match/game比______，

competition比______【听记5】

2. burst v. 爆裂  

注意：过去式，过去分词都是burst

burst  v.爆裂

To burst means to break open or apart, especially due to pressure from inside

问：explode和burst有什么区别呢？

explode v.爆炸

Three bombs exploded on London underground trains, killing 52 people.

A tyre of my car suddenly burst while I was driving.

The water pipe burst.

Hey, Michael, don’t burst that balloon.

Hey, Michael, the balloon will soon burst, if you blow it up any more.

比喻义：

场景1："I ate so much I'm about to burst!"

场景2：As soon as we heard the joke, we allburst into laughter. 

惯用法：burst into sth【= suddenly begin to make a sound】

场景3：Seeing her long-lost brother, Amy burst into tears .

3. average adj  

平均的（描述数量上的概念）

The average age of the students in our class is 16.

The train travels at an average speed of 300 kilometers per hour.

The computers are being sold at an average price of $1,000.

中等水平的，或普通的，一般的（描述事物性质）

比如：The actor was in his late twenties and of average height.

An average adult should try to get seven to eight hours of sleep a night.

an average person = a typical or normal person

根据正态分布的原理，大多数人都是average person

在学校里：

average students

top students , straight-A students（straight有连续的意思）

poor students

Thomas Friedman托马斯·弗里德曼曾写过一篇文章《Average is over》

“In the past , workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. ”

【注：美国的average lifestyle: dad--breadwinner, mom--homemaker】

As new technology has been eating jobs, it is getting harder for workers with average skills to find well-paying jobs. People with above-average skills will not be easily replaced by technology.

注意：

above-average  超过一般水平

below-average  低于一般水平

Those above-average skills are mostly associated with creativity,

communication and leadership.

4. footstep n. 

(1) 脚步或脚步声。

(2) I can hear my dad’s footsteps outside.

(3) footsteps常常用作引申义：

比如：follow in one’s footsteps. 

If you follow in someone's footsteps, you do the same things as they did earlier.

Many young people want to follow in the footsteps of their idol, Steve Jobs, hoping to change the world by thinking different.

The father is extremely proud that his son followed in his footsteps and became a doctor.

注意：dog one’s steps尾随，跟踪

The lady was aware that someone was dogging her steps.

近义词：footprint n.脚印

当然，footprint也可以有引申义：

什么是“on-line footprint” ？

Be careful when you post on social media because your online footprint could harm your reputation. 

什么是“global footprint”?

We have decided to invest in new countries and expand our global footprint.

精彩表达：expand / broaden one’s global footprint

什么是carbon footprint ？

To reverse global warming, we all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint.

Living a low-carbon life will reduce our carbon footprint.

听记答案 

1. 速度

2. 对抗型比赛

3. game；match

4. 谁更好、谁更强

5. 速度；对抗；实力