听写材料19.Tom叔叔的小屋

正确原文：

Continuingour survey of the 19th century, let's take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe.Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a book that detailsthe harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popularin theUnited Statesas well as in other countries. Ironically though, for the attention given toUncle Tom’s Cabin, it is far from Stowe’s best work. She did write one othernovel about life in the south. But much of her best work has nothing to do withthe south at all. In fact, Stowe’s best writing is about village life in theNew England states in the 19th century. In recording the customs of thevillages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect theimages as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settingswere often described actually and in detail. In this sense, she was animportant forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for hercharacters when they spoke. And she did this for thirty years before Mark Twainpopularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would writeabout New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young womanthere, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her firstpublished work, a geography book for children. Later, when she was married, herwriting helped to support her family financially. Throughout her life, shewrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children’s books as wellas novels for adults.

生词摘录：

1.    survey: n. 调查，审视

2.    Harriet Beecher Stowe: 比彻· 斯托夫人

3.    Uncle Tom’s Cabin: 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》

4.    detail: v. 详述，详细说明

5.    harshness: n. 艰苦，恶劣，严峻

6.    plantation: n. 种植园

7.    ironically: adv. 说反话地，讽刺地

8.    reflect: v. 反映

9.    setting: n. （一般用复数）（书、影片等中情节发生的）地点（时间）

10. forerunner: n. 先驱

11. realistic movement: 现实主义运动

12. dialect: n. 方言

13. popularize: v. 普及

1.    Connecticut:康乃狄格 (美国东北部州名)

2.    financially:adv. 经济上

3.    biographical sketch: 传略

背景补充：

斯托夫人(1811年6月14日-1896年7月1日)，美国著名作家、废奴主义者，最著名的作品《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(UncleTom's Cabin) 成为美国南北战争的导火线之一。她的一生以写作为生，发表了多部作品。

斯托夫人的父亲比彻(Beecher) 是著名的公理会牧师和废奴主义者，共有8个孩子。她四岁丧母，由长姊教育，在哈特福德长大，后来随父移居俄亥俄州辛辛那提，一个废奴情绪强烈的州。成为教师的她，积极参加文学界和教育界的活动。1836年和牧师兼神学院教授斯托 (Stowe) 结婚，丈夫鼓励她继续写作，但丈夫体弱多病，因此生活贫寒；他们共生有7个孩子，但大都早夭。

辛辛那提和蓄奴州肯塔基州只有一河之隔，他们在那里生活了18年，经常接触逃亡奴隶。她自己也到过南方，亲眼目到黑奴的悲惨生活。他们的家后来成为帮助南方奴隶逃亡的中转站之一。1850年，由于丈夫工作变迁，他们搬到缅因州，她从1851年到1852年为华盛顿特区的报纸《民族时代》撰写连载小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋，卑贱者的生活》，揭露南方黑奴受到非人的待遇，因此受到南方奴隶主的痛恨，卻在北方受到热烈的欢迎——成本印刷出书时，首天就卖出三千本，第一年卖出30万册，翻译成超过40种文字，后来改编成剧本，每次上演场场爆满，大大促进了北方的废奴情绪。1853年她发表了《汤姆叔叔的小屋题解》，列举了大量文件和证据证实《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(UncleTom's Cabin) 中的描写是真实的。同年她去欧洲旅行，在英国受到热烈赞扬。

1856年她发表《德雷德，阴沉地大沼泽地的故事》，进一步揭露蓄奴制的社会堕落现象。

1859年她发表小说《牧师的求婚》。1869年，《老镇居民》都是描写她熟悉的新英格兰生活。

1869年，她经过对历史资料的研究，发表了《拜伦生活真相》，揭露拜伦和他妹妹有过乱伦的恋爱关系。因為诗人拜伦是英国人心中的偶像，这篇文章在英国引起大哗，英国人开始攻击她。

1896年，她在哈特福德去世，终年85岁。