2册-039************************

1. 宾语从句小专题 

如何来转述对话？间接引语中的宾语从句

While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him （whether his operation had been successful）, but the doctor （refused to do so. ）

He asked （if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful） and the doctor told him that it had been.

He then asked （when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home） and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.

请大家想象，作者问了医生问题的原话是什么？

第一次问医生：“he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful”

原话：He asked his doctor , “Was my operation successful?”

第二次问医生：He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful

原话：He asked , “Was Mr Gilbert’s operation successful ” 

He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home

原话：He then asked,“When will Mr. Gilbert be allowed to go home ?”

The doctor said,“He will have to stay in hospital for another two weeks”

转述的时候有两个难点：

一. 时态的变化

二．宾语从句的使用

转述时我们经常要用到“宾语从句”作为，said, told,asked的宾语。

我们在此前的课程中也零星地提到过“宾语从句”，今天我们来全面地学习：

啥是宾语从句？

顾名思义，___________________ （听记1）

为啥要用一个句子来做宾语？

因为：_______________________ （听记2）

比如：

The president told us （his decision）.

The president told us （that he had made a tough decision）.

用that he had made a tough decision替换了his decision作宾语。

学习方法：什么是从句“替换”思维？

请记笔记：____________________（听记3）

宾语从句有哪些类型？

三大类型：

（1）原话是“陈述句”

直接引语：陈述句 --> 间接引语：that +陈述句 【15,23课重点讲过】

Kevin said, “I am hng a great time in China.”

Kevin said that he was hng a great time in China.

拓展小结：凡是陈述句作宾语，用that +陈述句 

非正式表达中宾语从句的that有时也可以省略。

Kevin said （that） he was hng a great time in China.

造句练习：

I believe thatI will speak fluent English in the near future. 

The study shows that there could be life in outer space.         

（2）原话是“一般疑问句”

直接引语：一般疑问句 --> 间接引语：whether/if +句子（调整为陈述语序）

Mike asked me: “Do you like eating chocolate?”

Mike asked me whether（or not）I loved eating chocolate. 

Mike asked me if I loved eating chocolate.

拓展小结：一般疑问句作宾语，用whether / if +陈述句

再比如：

Can the man be a spy?

I don’t know whether （or not） he is a spy.

I am not sure whether we should trust his words.   

（3）原话是“特殊疑问句”，也就问有关what/when/how/why/where的问题

【掌握起来比较难】

直接引语：特殊疑问句 --> 间接引语疑问词+句子（调整为陈述语序）

场景：

The security guard asked me ,“Who are you ? Where are you from? Where are you going ?”

间接引语：The security guard asked me who I was,where I was fromand where I was going.      

拓展小结：特殊疑问句做宾语，需要________________（听记4）                                                              

宾语从句造句练习：

请先不要看下文，听录音，快速进行口译

A：Why didn’t Trump go to school yesterday？    

B：I don’t know why he did not go to school either .

A：Where did he go ?

B：No one knows where he went.                                   

A：When did he come back ?

B：I forgot when he came back.

A：What did he say when he was back ?

B：He was very drunk when he was back. I didn’t hear clearly what he said.

A：He must have gone to the bar. Who went with him ?

B：Anyway, I didn’t go. How can I know who went with him?

注意：特殊疑问句中who went with him作宾语没有调整语序？

因为_______________________（听记5）

总结：_____________________（听记6）

2. 为啥要说“a Mr.John Gilbert”而不是“Mr.John Gilbert”？

When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert.

解读：

特别注意，a Mr.John Gilbert这里表示：“一个叫...的人”，相当于a man called Mr. John Gilbert.

不定冠词有啥用？

We use a or an to show that we are talking about someone or something that has not been mentioned before, or that the listeners do not know about.

为啥John Gilbert电话中提问的时候要说“a Mr. John Gilbert”？

________________________________________（听记7）

听记答案 

1.用从句充当宾语

2.用单词已经无法传达想要表达的信息

3.用句子替代单词充当宾语、定语、表语、状语等，从而产生各种从句

4.把疑问词后面的语序调整为陈述句语序

5.Who在疑问句中充当主语

6.当一个单词已经无法表达宾语的信息，用句子来替代单词充当宾语，这就是宾语从句。宾语从句的类型包括3种：1）陈述：that+句子内容；2）一般疑问句：whether/if+句子（陈述句序）；3）特殊疑问词+句子（陈述句序）

7.给医生和John Gilbert不熟的感觉以获取信息