马赛克解密（讲解版）

Get the picture? Pixelisation

Blurring images promotes prudery, as in tabloid reports of wardrobe malfunctions, and privacy：in Google’s Street View pictures perhaps even that of your own image. Now Google Brain, an offshoot of the Silicon Valley behemoth working on a form of artificial intelligence called deep learning, is finding ways around it. That is tricky: the original picture’s information has been lost, smeared out both visually and mathematically. Google’s work combines two “neural networks”, a computational approach that mimics the brain’s neurons, to guess what’s gone.

讲义

Section1

Get the picture? Pixelisation

打码图片的未来，你预见到了吗？

词汇

get the picture：
①获得了图像
②领悟了全局的情况与形势，从碎片信息与局部观察中，逐渐对全局有了了解
Mike never tells you the whole story, but you always get the picture. Mike从不告诉你事情的来龙去脉，但你总会弄明白是怎么回事。

pixel/ˈpɪksəl/：像素
pixelisation：打码技术。用于编辑图像或视频的技术，用降低解析度的方式将图像的部分或全部模糊化
英文解释:any technique used in editing images or video, whereby an image is blurred by displaying part or all of it at a markedly lower resolution

【拓展】
①mosaic/məuˈzeɪ-ɪk/：马赛克
英文解释：A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from theassemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. 马赛克是一件艺术品或图像由小块的组合彩色玻璃,石头,或其他材料

②collage/ˈkɔlɑːʒ /: 拼贴画
英文解释：Collage is made from an assemblage of differentforms, thus creating a new whole.

Section 2

Blurring images promotes prudery, as in tabloid reports of wardrobemalfunctions, and privacy：inGoogle’s Street View pictures perhaps even that of your own image.

对图像进行模糊处理有助于遮蔽不雅（比如小报对走光照片的处理）与保护隐私（比如谷歌街景图像，甚至可能出现你自己的影像）

词汇

blur/bləː/：
①模糊，朦胧的状态
The town was just a blur on the horizon. 朝地平线望去，小城一片朦胧
②变得模糊不清（v.）
Her eyes blurred with tears. 她泪眼迷离。
blurring image：变得模糊的图片，或者是对图片进行模糊处理的这种方法

prudery/ˈpruːdəri/： 英文解释：behaviour or attitude of a prude
prude/pruːd/：
英文解释：Person who behaves in an extremely or unnaturally proper manner, esp one who is too easily shocked by sexual matters 极端或过分拘谨的人，尤其指对性相关问题大惊小怪的人
She was such a prude that she was even embarrassed by the sight of naked children. 她正经得出了格，甚至见到赤身露体的孩子也难为情。
Blurring images promotes prudery and privacy.新闻上把大卫的影像打上了马赛克。

tabloid/ˈtæblɔɪd/：小报（官方解释：比大报版面尺寸小一些的报纸）；八卦周刊
broadsheet：印在较大纸张上的报纸

wardrobe malfunction：（照片）走光
①wardrobe/ˈwɔːdrəub/：衣柜
A build-in wardrobe 壁橱
Buy a new winter wardrobe 购买个人全部新冬装
②malfunction/mælˈfʌŋkʃən/：运转不正常
The computer malfunctioned and printed out the wrong data. 计算机出故障，印出的资料不正确
mal-：表示发生了故障
malpractice 失职，玩忽职守
malnutrition 营养不良的

Section 3

Now Google Brain, an offshoot of the Silicon Valley behemoth working ona form of artificial intelligence called deep learning, is finding ways aroundit.

现在谷歌大脑，一个研发一种叫做深度学习的人工智能技术的硅谷巨头的分公司，正在寻找解决方案。

词汇

offshoot/ˈɔfʃuːt/：分支
remove offshoots from a plant 修剪植物的旁枝
the offshoot of a wealthy family 一个富裕家族的旁系

behemoth/bɪˈhiːmɔθ/：巨兽，庞然大物
Silicon Valley behemoth： 硅谷的巨兽，理解为硅谷巨头

artificial intelligence：人工智能
英文解释：The capacity of machines to simulate intelligent human behaviour.

Section 4

That is tricky: the original picture’s information has been lost,smeared out both visually and mathematically.

这非常棘手，通过对影像信息与数字化信息的模糊处理，原图的信息已经丢失。

词汇

tricky/ˈtrɪki/ ：棘手

smear/smɪə/：
①将油脂或粘性物质涂于某物：spread a greasy or sticky substance on sth.
smear oil on the machinery 在机器上涂油
②弄脏，弄上油污
Don’t smear the lens; I have just polished it. 别把镜头弄脏，我刚刚擦过。
In politics you expect to get smeared by your opponents. 在政治事务中遭对手诽谤是常有的事情。
③弄模糊
smear the print with one’s finger 手指把印刷品弄得模糊不清

Section 5

Google’s work combines two “neural networks”, a computational approachthat mimics the brain’s neurons, to guess what’s gone.

谷歌用计算机解析的方法模拟人类大脑神经元的工作方式，将两组“神经网络”进行合并，希望猜出丢失的信息。

词汇

computation/ˌkɔmpjʊˈteɪʃən/：计算，估计
A quick computation revealed that we would not make a profit. 粗略计算后可以看出我们无利可图。
computational 使用计算机的
computational linguistic 计算机语言

approach/əˈprəutʃ/:
①接近，靠近
As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. 接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。
②在性质或特点上接近
Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare’s greatness. 莎士比亚的伟大，鲜有作家能望其项背。
③接近某人寻求帮助
approach one’s bank manager for a loan 找银行经理寻求贷款
④着手处理事务、难题
Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it. 要想解决这一难题，咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策。

mimic/ˈmɪmɪk/：
①模仿
Wood painted to mimic marble 漆成酷似大理石的木头
②善于模仿的人/动物
This parrot is an amazing mimic. 这只鹦鹉是一个很善于模仿的动物。