高阶 001********************

前情回顾 

上节课我们看到了干柴烈火般爱起来的Marianne，一个英雄救美，再加上共同的有taste的爱好，Willoughby就赢得了她的心。如果上次课后，你有读完整个第三章，那么你应该知道了Willoughby和Marianne私定终身了。妹妹玛格丽特看到了关键一幕：

Mr Willoughby was begging Marianne for something, and then he cut off a long lock of her hair, kissed it, and put it in his pocket.' Elinor now felt sure they were engaged, and was only surprised that they had not told their relations and friends.

【文化拓展·十九世纪英国订婚的风俗】

1. 一般是男士征求女方父母的同意。基本也是父母之命，女孩子有时并没有决定权。

2. 订婚期普遍比较短，因为大家觉得时间长了，两人会发现对方身上的缺点。

3. 订婚时男方送女方戒指。那时候还不讲究送钻戒，因为钻石是到1867年才在南非发现的。

4. 如果是真爱的话，女孩子会用自己的一缕头发做成戒指送给她的未婚夫，代表姑娘是非他不嫁了。

Willoughby求着Marianne送了一缕头发给自己定情，可是又没有正式向Dashwood夫人提亲，这两人对亲友也是只字不提，看来是私定终身了。

然而就在一切看上去十分美好的时候，Dashwood夫人回家看到Willoughby的马车停在门口，Marianne rush out of the sitting-room, sobbing uncontrollably, and run upstairs.发生了什么事？

含英咀华  

'I am unable to visit you any longer. My cousin, Mrs Smith, has this morning decided to send me to London on business. As a poor dependent relation, I must do what she asks. I have already left Allenham, and now I have come to say goodbye to you.' 'This is very unfortunate. But Mrs Smith's business will not keep you from us for very long, I hope.' He reddenedas he replied, 'You are very kind, but I have no hope of returning to Devonshire immediately. My visits to Mrs Smith are never repeated within the year.' 'And is Mrs Smith your only friend? Is Allenham the only house where you are welcome? My dear Willoughby!Surely you do not need to wait for an invitation to Barton Cottage?'

His colour deepened, and, with his eyes fixed on the ground, he only replied, 'You are too good.' Mrs Dashwood looked at Elinor with surprise, and Elinor felt just as astonished. After a moment's silence, Willoughby added confusedly, 'At present—my—my time is not my own . . . I cannot hope . . .' He stopped. Then, smiling weakly,he said, 'It is foolish to go on in this manner. I will not punish myself any longer by remaining among friends whose society it is impossible for me now to enjoy.' Hurriedly he said goodbye and left the house. His carriage was soon out of sight.

讲解

*【常用词语义拓展】cousin，我们熟悉的意思是：表兄弟姐妹或者堂兄弟姐妹。文中是“远亲”的意思。

【文学鉴赏】表情描写——说谎（提问措辞暗示什么？）

He reddened as he replied

His colour deepened

his eyes fixed on the ground

smiling weakly

【标点符号·破折号 Em Dash】

它的用法复杂、灵活。一般一个句子不应包含超过两个em dash。常见的用法有：

1.表示思考或对话中句子结构的突然中断，有时也可用省略号代替。

例如文中的用法。

'At present—my—my time is not my own . . . I cannot hope . . .' He stopped. 

其他用法还包括引出详述或者解释；用于分隔引导从句的代词；替代逗号等。以后在文本中遇到例子会进一步解释。

【标点符号·省略号 Ellipses】你可能一直都写错了奥！抱着此处省略一万字的喜悦与激动，咔咔点了6个大点......

英文的省略号是三个实心点，相当于三个英文的句号。需要注意的是，每个点的前面和后面都要有一个空格。当省略号挨着引号时，省略号最后一个点和引号之间不需要空格。如果省略号在陈述句末尾，依然要在省略号后面加上句号，所以总共会是四个点，每个点中间都用空格隔开。

情节串讲1 

虽然我们还无法预测Willoughby到底搞什么鬼，但是热恋中的Marianne面对突然的分离，感到无比心碎。那伤心至极要怎么写出来呢？你是不是只会说very sad, so sad之类呢？

They saw nothing of Marianne until dinner, when she took her place at the tablewithout saying a word. Her eyes were red and her face pale; she avoided looking at anyone, and could neither eat or speak. She continued in the depths of miseryall evening. Any mention of anything to do with Willoughby made herburst into tears instantly.

讲解：

中英思维差异1：英文不像汉语那么爱动词

动词可用介词替代in代替sink in...

她整晚沉浸在痛苦中。

中英思维差异2：英文的简洁性和主语的灵活设置

汉语思维翻译句：Whenever Elinor and Mrs Dashwoods mentioned anything to do with Willoughby, Marianne bursted into tears instantly.

优化版本的地道表达：Any mention of anything to do with Willoughby made herburst into tears instantly.

She spent most of the night sobbing bitterly, and got up with a headache. She passed the rest of the day, and several more days after that, in feeding her sorrow, by playing all Willoughby's favourite songs, by reading the books they used to read together, and by walking alone on the hills where they used to walk, until her heart was so heavy that no further sadness could be added.

讲解

【常用词语义拓展】feed,及物动词，在这里是指“助长情绪“的意思。Feed one’s sorrow/anger/depression等

情节串讲2 

Marianne深陷相思之苦，似乎整个家庭都笼罩了一层愁云惨雾。这时，Edward Ferrars来拜访了。Dashwood一家自然很是殷勤地接待他。可是Edward看上去有点闷闷不乐的。

'Well, Edward,' said Mrs Dashwood, after dinner, 'what are your mother's plans for you at present? Does Mrs Ferrars still want you to be a politician?' 

'No, I hope my mother realizes I can never do that. I am afraid she and I will never agree in our choice of a profession for me. As you know, I did not enjoy studying law.' 'I have no wish to be grand or important, and I have every reason to hope I never shall be.' 'I know you are not ambitious, Edward.' 'No. I wish, like everybody else, to be perfectly happy, but in my own way. Greatness will not make me happy.'

【文化拓展·职业观】绅士的职业选择

上次我们说到，乡绅阶层如果为了赚钱去打工是有失身份的。那么哪些职业是能入他们‘法眼“的呢？军官，神职，律师，医生。其中前三个是很热门的。医生处在鄙视链的底端。

律师（lawyer）在当时分为出庭律师（barrister ['bærɪstə]）也就是去法庭上出庭辩护的律师以及事务律师（solicitor）也就是不出庭，处理合同、遗嘱等等日常事务的律师。当时如果是成为有名望的barrister，是可以进入政府或内阁的。这也就是为什么Edward的母亲会希望他去学法律，出人头地。

【英式&美式英语区分】律师

英式英语里，对律师的总称是Lawyer，然后细分为出庭律师barrister和事务律师solicitor。

美式英语里，不区分出庭律师和事物律师，统称attorney[ə'tɜːnɪ]或lawyer，这两个词是同义词。

【文化拓展·幸福观】

I wish, like everybody else, to be perfectly happy, but in my own way. Greatness will not make me happy.

在身份地位、财富决定一切的社会环境里，能有这样的观念还是很难得的。

文豪金句 

I wish, like everybody else, to be perfectly happy, but in my own way. Greatness will not make me happy.

我希望跟别人一样过得快乐，不过是以我自己的方式。出人头地并不能使我感到快乐。

总结&悬念 

Marianne的闪电恋情，不幸中了那句老话“来得快，去的也快”。许久没有出现的Edward终于来访，道出了富家子弟择业身不由己的苦衷。但是好像隐隐地还有什么想说而不能说的秘密？好奇的宝宝们记得收听下一集哦！