The Most Open City最开放的城市(附英文)-3

A characteristic of OldShanghai as a metropolis was its opening to the outside world,as the largest gateway through which Western culture found its way into China.From the period 1840-1949, besides those innovations mentioned above, otherdifferent types of culture, both material and intellectual, were introduced toShanghai, including newspapers, music, paintings, stage plays, dancing circuses,magic shows, gramophones,cameras, telegraphs, electric fans, sewing machines, sprinklers, business suits, coffee, food,beer, the Gregorian calendar, the weekly system,Western-style wedding ceremonies, libraries, museums, the police system, andthe practice of boards of directors for companies. All these phenomena thengradually spread inland into the rest of China. Western academic classics,translated by Yan Fu (1854-1921), and Western novels, by Lin Shu (1852-1924),were also first published in Shanghai.