165-计划生育

165. 计划生育

计划生育是中国的一项基本国策。20世纪70年代末，为了控制人口过度增长，中国政府开始推行计划生育，提倡一对夫妇只生一个孩子。这项政策有效缓解了人口对资源、环境的压力。21世纪初，中国政府对计划生育政策做出了一些调整，允许双方都是独生子女的夫妻生育两个孩子。新的政策有利于解决劳动力短缺和老龄化问题。2013年，中国政府再一次调整了该政策，允许一方是独生子女的夫妇生育两个孩子。

参考译文：

Family planning is a basic national policy of China. In the late1970s, in order to control excessive population growth, the Chinese government initiated the family planning policy, advocating that one couple give birth to only one child. This policy effectively relieved the population pressure on resources and environment. In the early twenty-first century, the Chinese government made some adjustments to the family planning policy, allowing couples who are the only child themselves to have two children. The new policy could help to solve the issue of labor shortage and the aging problem. In2013, the Chinese government adjusted this policy once again, permitting couples to have two children if one of them is the only child.