葡萄牙友善移民政策下的繁荣多元文化｜2024年9月号

Boasting one of the most welcoming immigration systems in Europe, Portugal has undergone a significant demographic change, with its foreign immigrant population doubling in the past five years. This shift is particularly notable given the broader European trend toward stricter immigration control.

The new immigrants swelling Portugal’s population primarily originate from South and Southeast Asian countries, such as India, Nepal, and Indonesia, and they often arrive by informal means. They can seek employment in Portugal and apply for residency once they are employed, all the while bypassing typical formal requirements such as temporary visas. As legal residents, while they have to contribute to the local economy through taxes and social programs, they can also apply for their relatives to join them. Eventually, five years of legal residency will qualify them for Portuguese citizenship.

Portugal’s inclusive immigration policy is driven by necessity. Striving against one of the fastest-aging populations in Europe and emigration to other EU countries with higher wages, Portugal relies on immigrants to expand its workforce. This is particularly true in some labor-intensive sectors, such as agriculture,fishing, and food service. By legally incorporating these immigrants, Portugal not only addresses labor shortages, but also facilitates their inclusion in the economic and social fabric of the nation.

In contrast, other European countries are tightening their immigration policies.For example, the UK has taken a tougher stance by curbing legal immigration and proposing to deport some illegal immigrants to Rwanda. Such policies aim to reduce irregular arrivals and address security concerns through more rigorous immigration control, but have sparked debates about the implications for human rights and international obligations.

Portugal’s example offers valuable insights into understanding the benefits of immigration while we navigate its impact. In this era of globalization, countries worldwide need to evaluate their own immigration strategies to ensure a fair solution for everyone.

葡萄牙拥有欧洲属一属二的友善移民系统，过去五年中经历了显着的人口变化，其外来移民人口成长了一倍。考虑到整个欧洲普遍在移民管控上趋于更加严格，这一转变特别值得关注。

使葡国人口膨胀的新移民主要来自南亚和东南亚国家，如印度、尼泊尔和印度尼西亚，通常是透过非正式方法到达葡萄牙。他们可以在葡萄牙寻找工作，一旦受雇就可以申请居留，这样同时就能避开常见的临时签证等正式要求。身为合法居民，虽然他们必需通过纳税和社会计划为当地经济贡献，但他们也可以申请亲属加入。最终，只要合法居住五年，他们便有资格成为葡萄牙公民。

葡萄牙包容性的移民政策是出于需要。葡国是欧洲人口老化最快的国家之一，且人口外流至薪资较高的其他欧盟国家，因此不得不依赖移民来增加劳动力。这在农业、渔业和食品服务等一些劳力密集型产业尤为如此。通过合法纳入移民，葡萄牙不仅解决了劳动力短缺问题，还促进了他们在国家经济和社会结构方面的融合。

相比之下，其他欧洲国家正在紧缩其移民政策。例如，英国采取了更严格的立场，限制合法移民并提议将部分非法移民遣送到卢旺达。这些政策旨在通过更严格的移民控制来减少非法入境并解决安全问题，但也在对人权和国际义务可能的影响方面引发辩论。

葡萄牙的例子提供了我们宝贵的借镜，帮助我们了解移民的益处，同时因应其影响。在这个全球化时代，世界各国需要评估自己的移民政策，以确保为每个人提供一个公平的解决方案。

1. bypass   vt. 绕过；避开

The hikers decided to bypass the steep trail by taking a longer but easier route.

健行者决定绕过陡峭的小径，改走一条更长但更容易的路线。

2. visa   n. 签证

Amy applied for a tourist visa to visit her friend in France.

艾咪申请了一张旅游签证去法国拜访她的朋友。

3. citizenship   n. 公民身分；公民资格

Alex obtained Canadian citizenship after living in the country for ten years.

他在加拿大居住了十年后获得了加拿大公民身分。

4. inclusive   adj. （团体或组织）有包容性的

    inclusion   n.包容

The event aimed to create an inclusive environment where everyone felt valued.

该活动旨在创造一个包容的环境，使每个人都感受到被重视。

5. emigration    n. 移民（出境）

    immigration    n. 移民（入境）

    emigration from / to　从某地移民出境／移民到某地

Emigration to other countries is often driven by the search for better jobs.

移民到其他国家通常是为了寻找更好的工作。

6. workforce   n. 劳动力

A strong workforce is crucial for economic growth in any community.

强大的劳动力对任何小区的经济成长至关重要。

7. facilitate   vt. 促进；使便利

Modern schools facilitate effective learning through advanced teaching methods.

现代学校透过先进的教学方法促进有效学习

8. fabric   n. （尤指社会或建筑物的）结构；构造

Trust and cooperation are essential for strengthening the community fabric.

信任与合作对加强小区结构至关重要。

9. curb  vt. 约束；抑制

New environmental policies aim to curb rising levels of air pollution.

新的环境政策旨在抑制日渐严重的空气污染。