（双语文稿）热浪杀手（一）

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康和生活方式报道。
As temperatures and humidity rise outside, what happens inside the human body can become a life or death situation. And a difference of just a few degrees can mean living or dying.
随着室外温度和湿度的上升，人体内发生的事情可能会成为生死攸关的问题，仅仅几度的差异就意味着生存或死亡。
Researchers say the danger point outdoors for illness and death from ongoing heat is lower than experts once thought. This discovery comes from new information, including putting people in "hot boxes" to see what happens to them. We will talk about this process later in the story.
研究人员表示，户外持续高温导致疾病和死亡的危险点比专家们曾经认为的要低。这一发现来自新的信息，包括将人们放在“热箱”中，看看他们会发生什么。我们将在稍后的故事中讨论这个过程。
At rest, the body's core temperature is about 37 degrees Celsius. That is only 4 degrees Celsius away from possible death from heatstroke.
在休息时，身体的中心温度约为37摄氏度，这距离中暑可能导致的死亡只相差4摄氏度。
Several doctors and other experts explained to The Associated Press what happens to the human body in such heat.
几位医生和其他专家向美联社解释了在这样的高温下人体会发生什么。
Ollie Jay is a professor of heat and health at the University of Sydney in Australia. That is where he runs the Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory. Jay explains that heat kills in three main ways.
奥利•杰伊是澳大利亚悉尼大学热与健康教授，他在此管理着热能工程学实验室。杰伊解释说，高温致死主要有三种方式。
Heatstroke
中暑
Usually the first way is heatstroke. This is a severe increase in body temperature that causes organs to fail. When the inner body gets too hot, the body redirects blood flow toward the skin to cool down. But that sends blood and oxygen away from the stomach and intestines.
通常第一种方式是中暑，这回导致严重的体温升高和器官衰竭。当身体内部太热时，身体会重新引导血液流向皮肤降温，但这会将血液和氧气从肠胃中输送出去。
This can permit poisons normally found in the stomach and intestinal areas to get into the blood. Jay said this leads to organ failure and death.
这使得通常在肠胃区域发现的毒素进入血液。杰伊说这会导致器官衰竭和死亡。
Pressure on the heart
心脏压力
Number two is the bigger killer in heat – pressure on the heart. This is especially true for people who have cardiovascular disease. The danger starts with blood quickly flowing to the skin to help reduce body heat. That causes blood pressure to drop. The heart reacts by trying to pump more blood to keep you from passing out.
第二大杀手是心脏的热压。对于患有心血管疾病的人来说尤其如此，危险始于血液快速流向皮肤，帮助降低体温，这会导致血压下降。心脏的反应是试图泵出更多的血液，以防止你昏倒。
Jay said, "You're asking the heart to do a lot more work than it usually has to do." For someone with a heart condition, he compared this situation to running for the bus with an injured leg. "Something (is) going to give," he warns.
杰伊说:“你是在要求心脏超过它的负荷进行工作。”对于有心脏病的人来说，他把这种情况比作腿受伤了去赶公共汽车。他警告说:“有些东西会放弃。”
Dr. Neil Gandhi is emergency medicine director at Houston Methodist Hospital in Texas. He said during heat waves, anyone who comes in with a fever of 37.7 degrees Celsius or higher and no evidence of infection will be checked for heat exhaustion or the more serious heatstroke.
尼尔•甘地博士是德克萨斯州休斯顿卫理公会医院的急诊医学主任。他说，在热浪期间，任何发烧37.7摄氏度或更高而没有感染迹象的人都将被检查是否中暑或更严重的中暑。
Gandhi said he often sees temperatures greater than 40 to 40.5 degrees Celsius during extreme heat events. "Another degree or three and such a patient is at high risk of death," he added.
甘地说，在极端高温事件中，他经常看到温度超过40至40.5摄氏度。他补充说:“再升高1到3度，这样的病人就有很高的死亡风险。”
Dehydration
脱水
The third way heat kills is by lack of water in the body, or dehydration. As people sweat, they lose liquids to a point that can severely hurt kidneys, Professor Jay said. He added that dehydration also reduces blood flow and worsens cardiac problems.
热致死的第三种方式是体内缺水或脱水。杰伊教授说，当人们出汗时，他们失去的水分会严重损害肾脏。他补充说，脱水还会减少血液流动，加剧心脏问题。
Renee Salas is a Harvard University professor of public health and an emergency room doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital. "Dehydration can be very dangerous and even deadly for everyone if it gets bad enough," Salas said. "But it is especially dangerous for those with medical conditions and on certain medications," she added.
蕾妮•萨拉斯是哈佛大学公共卫生教授，也是马萨诸塞州总医院的急诊室医生。萨拉斯说:“脱水非常危险，如果严重的话，对一个人来说是致命的。”她补充说:“但对于那些有疾病和正在服用某些药物的人来说，这尤其危险。”