（双语文稿）老师的自主权有什么作用？

When teachers at one of the top public schools in Florida are asked how they succeed, one answer is universal: They have autonomy in the classroom.
当佛罗里达州一所顶尖公立学校的老师被问及他们是如何成功的时候，都会答到:他们在课堂上有自主权。
Teachers with autonomy are able to make decisions and plans independently in their classrooms.
教师拥有自主权时，就能够对他们的课堂独立做出决定和计划。
The majority of American teachers report feeling stressed and unhappy at work, a Pew Research Center study found last year. Another study by Brown University and the University of Albany found that reduced job satisfaction has been connected to a drop in teachers' sense of autonomy in the classroom.
皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)去年的一项研究发现，大多数美国教师在工作中感觉有压力和不开心。布朗大学(Brown University)和奥尔巴尼大学(University of Albany)的另一项研究发现，工作满意度的降低与教师课堂自主权的下降有关。
But at A.D. Henderson School in Boca Raton, Florida, school leaders permit their staff high levels of classroom autonomy — and it works.
但在佛罗里达州博卡拉顿的A.D.亨德森学校，学校领导允许他们的员工在课堂上拥有高度的自主权——这确实奏效了。
Henderson is a public school of 636 kindergartners to eighth graders on the campus of Florida Atlantic University. Henderson students scored in the top 1 percent to 3 percent in nearly every subject in the state's latest standardized tests. In almost every subject, 60 percent or more of Henderson students scored far above the Florida state average.
亨德森是一所公立学校，位于佛罗里达大西洋大学校园内，有636名从幼儿园到八年级的学生。亨德森的学生在该州最新的标准化考试中，几乎所有科目的成绩都在前1%到3%之间。在几乎所有科目中，亨德森60%或更多的学生得分远高于佛罗里达州的平均水平。
"There is a lot of our own individual input allowed in doing the activities that we want to do in the classroom," said Vanessa Stevenson. She is a middle school science teacher at Henderson. She plans to start a horse medicine class next fall even though the school has no horses. She believes she will find a way to make the class a success.
凡妮莎•史蒂文森说:“在我们想在课堂上做的活动中，我们投入了很多。”她是亨德森的一名中学科学老师。尽管学校没有马，她还是计划明年秋天开设马医学课程。她相信她会找到一种方法让这门课取得成功。
"It's a bit of trial and error because there's nothing being handed to you saying, ‘Do it this way.' You just have to figure it out," she said.
她说：“这是一种试错，因为没有人会告诉你‘怎样做’，你需要自己弄清楚。” 
Joel Herbst is the superintendent of Henderson and its partner FAU High School. He called the teachers his "secret sauce." He said the school's success can be done anywhere if administrators give teachers more freedom.
乔尔•赫布斯特(Joel Herbst)是亨德森及其合作伙伴FAU高中的负责人。他称这些老师是他的“秘密武器”。他说，如果管理者给教师更多的自由，学校的成功可以在任何地方实现。
When that happens, he said, teachers create hands-on programs that help students learn more.
他说，当这种情况发生时，教师会创建动手项目，帮助学生学到更多东西。
"Give (teachers) the freedom to do what they do best, which is to impart knowledge, to teach beyond the textbook," Herbst said.
赫布斯特说:“让(教师)自由地做他们最擅长的事情，那就是传授知识，教授教科书之外的知识。”
Madhu Narayanan is an education professor at Portland State University. He studies teacher independence. He said independence is highly related to teacher morale and success. But independence must be combined with administrative support.
马杜˙纳拉亚南(Madhu Narayanan)是波特兰州立大学的教育学教授。他研究教师独立性。他说，独立性与教师的士气和成功密切相关，但独立性必须与行政支持相结合。
"It can't be, ‘Here is the classroom, here is the textbook, we'll see you in six months.' Those teachers have tremendous autonomy, but feel lost," he said.
“不可能是，‘这是教室，这是课本，我们六个月后见。’”这些教师有很大的自主权，但却感到迷茫。”
About 2,700 families enter a lottery each year for the 60 spots in Henderson's kindergarten class and openings in other grades.
每年大约有2700个家庭通过摇号来获得亨德森幼儿园的60个名额，以及其他年级的名额。
Some children entering Henderson are gifted. Some have learning disabilities. Most are average learners, however.
进入亨德森的孩子有些很有天赋，有些有学习障碍，然而，大多数都是普通孩子。
The school must follow a Florida law that requiring the student population at university-run "laboratory" schools to match state population demographics for race, gender and income. Because families apply to attend, parental involvement is high.
这所学校必须遵守佛罗里达州的一项法律，该法律要求大学开办的“实验”学校的学生人数在种族、性别和收入方面与该州的人口统计数据相匹配。因为有家庭申请参加，所以家长的参与度很高。
Jenny O'Sullivan teaches a class on art and technology. Her kindergartners learn computer coding basics by playing a game with a robot. And fourth and fifth graders make videos celebrating Earth Day.
珍妮•奥沙利文教授艺术与技术课程。她的幼儿园孩子们通过和机器人玩游戏来学习计算机编程的基础知识。四年级和五年级的学生制作视频来庆祝地球日。
Her new classroom has the newest technology. But she says such classes can be taught anywhere if the teacher is given the ability to be creative.
她的新教室有最新的技术，但她表示，如果教师具备创新能力，这种课程可以在任何地方教授。
Amy Miramontes teaches sixth graders a Medical Detectives class. They examine pieces of rabbit muscle under a microscope, using safe chemicals to find what disease each animal had.
艾米•米拉蒙特斯教六年级学生医学侦探课。他们在显微镜下检查兔子的肌肉，使用安全的化学物质来发现每只动物患有什么疾病。
Miramontes hopes the class grows students' interest in medicine. She also hopes her class gives students the knowledge needed in two years when they take the state's eighth-grade science test.
米拉蒙特斯希望这门课能培养学生对医学的兴趣。她还希望学生们在两年后参加该州八年级的科学考试时，她的课提供了所需的知识。
Using art to teach science
用艺术来教科学
Henderson's success has led to more money and grants. The middle school's drone program, for example, recently won a national competition in California.
亨德森的成功为他带来了更多的资金和资助。例如，这所中学的无人机项目最近在加州赢得了一个全国竞赛。
Henderson's drone teams have a room to practice flying the devices through an obstacle course, plus flight simulators donated by the local power company. The drone program is a chance to compete while using the physics and aeronautics learned in the classroom, teacher James Nance said.
亨德森的无人机团队有一个专门的房间来练习操纵这些设备通过障碍，他们还有当地电力公司捐赠的飞行模拟器。詹姆斯•南斯(James Nance)老师说，无人机项目是一个利用课堂上学到的物理和航空学知识进行竞赛的机会。
Eighth grader Anik Sahai is in Stevenson's science class. He created an app that uses the camera to diagnose diabetic retinopathy. The eye disease is a leading cause of blindness worldwide.
八年级学生阿尼克•萨哈伊（Anik Sahai）上史蒂文森的科学课。他开发了一款应用，利用摄像头诊断糖尿病视网膜病变。这种眼病是世界范围内失明的主要原因。
Sahai's app took first place in the state's middle school science fair and is being considered for commercial use. The 14-year-old credits his success to his years at Henderson, beginning in the preschool program.
萨哈伊的应用程序在该州的中学科学博览会上获得了第一名，目前正在考虑用于商业用途。这位14岁的孩子将他的成功归功于从幼儿园就开始的那些在亨德森的岁月。
"The teachers here, they're amazing," he said. "They've been trained on how to get us to the next level."
“这里的老师都很棒，”他说。“他们训练有素，知道如何让我们不断提升。”
I'm Dan Novak.