Sentence 41-50

Sentence 41

The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
通常第一株植物受损更严重，相对而言，与之相邻的植物会更安全，因为它们听到了警报，并且知道该怎么做。
语法笔记

本句是由but连接的并列句。前一分句的主干是The damage is more serious，后一分句的主干是the neighbors stay safer。句中relatively speaking为插入语，because引导原因状语从句。该原因状语从句中还包含一个what引导的宾语从句，做knew的宾语。

Sentence 42

The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese.
越来越多的美国父母希望自己的孩子学习汉语，这使得来自中国的互惠生越来越受欢迎。
语法笔记

本句的主干是The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents。主句的谓语动词has been strengthened使用了现在完成时的被动语态；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词parents。

Sentence 43

I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through the light.
我不怕被抓住，因为周围显然没有警察，而且闯红灯肯定没有危险。（注：这句选自高考真题，主人公闯红灯的行为是错误的，大家在现实生活中一定要遵守交通规则。）
语法笔记

本句的主干是I was not afraid of being caught。because引导原因状语从句，句中would have been是情态动词would表示推测和猜想的一种句型。

Sentence 44

The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.
一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这并不意味着他们没有感受到这些情感。
语法笔记

本句的主干是The fact does not mean that。fact后面的that引导同位语从句that members of one culture...of another。“as...as”表示“和…一样”，as do members of another为比较状语从句，do位于主语members of another前形成倒装，do代替了express。does not mean that中的that引导宾语从句。

Sentence 45

The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.
在首都亚的斯亚贝巴的埃塞俄比亚国家博物馆展出的露西是一个复制品，而真正的遗骸通常被锁在秘密储藏室里。
语法笔记

本句是由连词while连接的并列句，while在此处表示前后意义上的对比。前一分句的主干是The Lucy is a replica，后一分句的主干是the remains are locked in a storeroom。Lucy（露西）是1974年11月在埃塞俄比亚的哈达尔阿瓦什低谷发现的古人类化石的代称。露西生活的年代是320万年之前，曾被认为是第一个被发现的最早能够直立行走的人类。

Sentence 46

This morning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a world tour the next day.
今天早上我们开车去了巴卡拉，参观了那里的博物馆和教堂，教堂里有一盏不可思议的灯，这盏灯明天将开始环球巡回展出。
语法笔记

本句的主干是we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church，其中drove和toured由and连接构成并列谓语动词。which引导非限制性定语从句，对the church进行补充说明。在这个非限制性定语从句中，that又引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词lamp。

Sentence 47

The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
黄石狼计划是一项很有价值的实验，可以帮助生物学家决定是否也将狼重新放归这个国家的其他地区。
语法笔记

本句的主干是The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment。不定式to help biologists...as well做定语修饰experiment。在这句话中，whether to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“是否做某事”。

Sentence 48

It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.
它进一步要求医生们在意见相左时不要反应过激，这可能会阻碍其他医生再次发表意见。
语法笔记

本句的主干是It further requires that，其中that引导宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干是the doctor doesn't overreact。其中，when引导一个时间状语从句；which引导一个非限制性定语从句，对宾语从句的主干做进一步补充说明。

Sentence 49

Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
由于我们的努力，我们的女儿乔治娅决定捐赠一大袋玩具给一个小女孩，这个小女孩的母亲因为生病无法支付她的假期费用。
语法笔记

本句的主干是our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl。其中，助动词did在句中表示强调，其后的动词要使用动词原形；because of表示“由于”；whose在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。

Sentence 50

Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
1947年，八个剧团不请自来，他们认为人人都应该有表演的权利，而他们就在一家废弃多年的酒吧里演出。
语法笔记

本句是一个由and连接的并列句。前一分句的主干是Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited，后一分句的主干是they did so。句中过去分词uninvited做伴随状语，表示伴随主语的一种状态，in the belief做伴随状语；that引导同位语从句解释belief；in a public house做地点状语；过去分词短语disused for years做后置定语修饰public house。