1月3日午间英语新闻：2023年《自然》杂志十大人物增加了非人类

> 'Vitalize' is nation's most popular character at home
“振”当选2023年度国内字

The Chinese character zhen, meaning "vitalize", was named the nation's most popular character related to domestic affairs this year, while the character wei, meaning "risk" or "crisis", was chosen for international topics. The characters are among a list of popular words, as well as phrases, collected in an annual assessment organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education's National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center, and the Commercial Press publishing house.

由教育部国家语言资源监测与研究中心、商务印书馆等单位联合主办的“汉语盘点2023”活动揭晓今年的“年度字词”。其中“振”字当选年度国内字，“危”字当选年度国际字。

Organizers explained that "vitalize" represents an upward trend and a gesture of trying to make an effort, and that's the spirit one should have, whether it's a country or an individual, when facing challenges and obstacles.
主办方称，“振”是上升的趋势，是奋起的姿态。无论 是国家还是个体，这是面对挑战、遭遇风雨时应该具有的精神。

Meanwhile, it said that internationally, the world's path has come to a crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a widening gap in development and a worsening environment. Organizers called for looking for opportunities hidden in the crises, and using dialogue and cooperation to handle differences in order to build a fairer, better world.
当今世界正处于十字路口，战争和冲突交织，世界经济复苏艰难，发展鸿沟不断拉大，生态环境持续恶化。主办方呼吁，在危机中育新机，以对话弥合分歧、以合作化解争端，才能营造一个公道、美好的世界。

In addition to characters, gaozhiliang fazhan, or high-quality development, was chosen as the key domestic phrase of the year, while ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics.
除了年度字，“高质量发展”当选年度国内词，而ChatGPT当选年度国际词。

This year marked the 18th time that such a list was published. Over the last month, the same organizers also revealed the top 10 popular phrases, online catchphrases and new words.
“汉语盘点2023”活动至今已走过十八个年头，上个月，主办方还发布了年度十大流行语、十大网络用语、十大新词语。

重点单词
1、sluggish
英/ ˈslʌɡɪʃ / 美/ ˈslʌɡɪʃ /
adj. 缓慢的，迟钝的，懒洋洋的；性能欠佳的

2、high-quality development
高质量发展

3、catchphrase
英/ ˈkætʃfreɪz /
美/ ˈkætʃfreɪzˌˈketʃfreɪz /
n. 标语，警句

> ChatGPT and science: the AI system was a force in 2023 — for good and bad
2023年《自然》杂志十大人物增加了非人类

It co-wrote scientific papers — sometimes surreptitiously. It drafted outlines for presentations, grant proposals and classes, churned out computer code, and served as a sounding board for research ideas. It also invented references, made up facts and regurgitated hate speech. Most of all, it captured people's imaginations: by turns obedient, engaging, entertaining, even terrifying, ChatGPT took on whatever role its users desired — and some they didn't.
它与人共同撰写科学论文——有时是不为人知的。它为演讲、资助提案和课程起草大纲，编写计算机代码，并作为研究想法的参谋。它也会编造参考文献、捏造事实、反复传播仇恨言论。最重要的是，它激发了人们的想象力：时而顺从，时而引人入胜，时而有趣，甚至时而令人生畏，ChatGPT扮演着对话者想要的任何角色——以及有些不是他们想要的角色。

That's why this year's Nature's 10 has a non-human addition. Why include a computer program on a list of people who have shaped science in 2023? ChatGPT is not a person. Yet in many ways, this program has had a profound and wide-ranging effect on science in the past year.
为什么要把一个计算机程序列入影响2023年科学领域的人物名单中？ChatGPT并非人类。然而，在过去的一年里，这个程序在许多方面对科学产生了深远而广泛的影响。

ChatGPT's sole objective is to plausibly continue dialogues in the style of its training data. But in doing so, it and other generative artificial-intelligence (AI) programs are changing how scientists work. They have also rekindled debates about the limits of AI, the nature of human intelligence, and how best to regulate the interaction between the two. 
ChatGPT的唯一目标是以其训练数据的风格合理地继续对话。但在此过程中，它和其他生成式人工智能程序正在改变科学家们的工作方式。它们还重新引发了关于人工智能的局限性、人类智能的本质以及如何最好地规范两者之间互动的争论。这就是为什么今年《自然》杂志十大人物增加了非人类。

For some researchers, these apps have already become invaluable lab assistants — helping to summarize or write manuscripts, polish applications and write code. ChatGPT and related software can help to brainstorm ideas, enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, who works on AI for medical research at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Models trained in similar ways on scientific data could help to build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new molecules or simulating cell behavior, Zitnik adds.
对于一些研究人员来说，这些应用程序已经成为宝贵的实验室助手——帮助总结或撰写论文初稿、润色申请书和编写代码。马萨诸塞州波士顿哈佛医学院从事人工智能医学研究的玛丽卡·齐特尼克表示，ChatGPT及相关软件有助于集思广益，提升科学搜索引擎的性能，并在学术论文中找出尚未研究的领域。齐特尼克补充道，以类似方式对科学数据进行训练的模型有助于构建能够指导研究的人工智能系统，也许可以设计出新的分子或模拟细胞行为。

But the technology is also dangerous. Automated conversational agents can aid cheats and plagiarists; left unchecked, they could irreversibly foul the well of scientific knowledge. Undisclosed AI-made content has begun to percolate through the Internet, and some scientists have admitted using ChatGPT to generate articles without declaring it.
但这项技术也很危险。自动对话机器人可能会帮助作弊者和剽窃者；如果不加以控制，可能会对科学知识宝库造成不可逆转的破坏。未经披露的AI生成内容已经开始在互联网上流传一些科学家承认使用ChatGPT生成文章却未声明。

No one knows how much more there is to squeeze out of ChatGPT-like systems. Their capabilities might yet be limited by the availability of computing power or new training data. But the generative AI revolution has started. And there's no turning back.
没有人知道ChatGPT这样的系统还有多少潜力可挖掘。它们的能力可能会受到算力或新训练数据的限制。但生成式AI革命已经开始，且已没有回头路。

重点单词
1、regurgitate
英/ rɪˈɡɜːdʒɪteɪt /
美/ rɪˈɡɜːrdʒɪteɪt /
vi. 回流；回涌；反胃；反刍
vt. 使回流；使回涌；使反刍

2、obedient
英/ əˈbiːdiənt /
美/ əˈbiːdiənt /
adj. 服从的，顺从的

3、in doing so
这样做时；在这样做的过程中

4、rekindle
英/ ˌriːˈkɪnd(ə)l /
美/ ˌriːˈkɪnd(ə)l /
vi. 重新点燃
vt. 重新点燃；再点火

5、molecule
英/ ˈmɒlɪkjuːl /
美/ ˈmɑːlɪkjuːl /
n. 分子，摩尔；少量，一点儿；微小颗粒，微粒