5月4日午间英语新闻：欧洲空气污染每年导致至少1200名儿童早夭

China unveils first global panoramic images of Mars
这些中国地名，上火星了！

China published on Monday the first global panoramic images of Mars taken by the country's Tianwen 1 orbiter. They were jointly released by the China National Space Administration and the Chinese Academy of Sciences at a ceremony in Hefei, capital of Anhui province, marking this year's Space Day in China.
日前，在2023年“中国航天日”主场活动启动仪式上，国家航天局和中国科学院联合发布了中国首次火星探测火星全球影像图。

The color images include the Robinson projection, Mercator projection, azimuth projection and orthographic projection of the Eastern and Western hemispheres of the Red Planet, with a spatial resolution of 76 meters.
本次发布的影像图为彩色，包括按照制图标准分别制作的火星东西半球正射投影图、鲁宾逊投影图和墨卡托投影加方位投影图，空间分辨率为76米。

The panoramas were made through the processing of 14,757 images taken by the mid-definition camera mounted on Tianwen 1's Martian orbiter during its 284 remote-sensing maneuvers from November 2021 to July 2022.
天问一号任务环绕器中分辨率相机，于2021年11月至2022年7月历时8个月，实施了284轨次遥感成像，对火星表面实现了全球覆盖。地面应用系统对获取的14757幅影像数据进行处理后得到火星全球彩色影像图。

They are expected to provide better base maps for scientists and engineers around the world to facilitate their research and planning for future expeditions to Mars, the administration said. Through the study of images and data from Tianwen 1, Chinese scientists have spotted and identified many geological bodies surrounding the landing site of Tianwen 1 and have named 22 of them after Chinese villages with renowned historical and cultural heritages.
国家航天局表示，这将为开展火星探测工程和火星科学研究提供质量更好的基础底图，也将为人类深入认知火星作出贡献。科学研究团队通过火星高分影像，识别了着陆点附近大量的地理实体。国际天文联合会根据相关规则，将其中的22个地理实体，以中国的历史文化名村名镇加以命名。

重点词汇
1、panoramic
英/ ˌpænəˈræmɪk /  美/ ˌpænəˈræmɪk /
adj. 全景的，远景的

2、maneuver
英/ məˈnuːvə(r) /  美/ məˈnuːvər /
n. 细致巧妙的移动，机动动作；策略，手段；军事演习；（军队或船只的）调动，部署
v. 巧妙地移动；操纵，使花招；部署（军队、船只等）

Europe ‘failing its children’ on air pollution
欧洲空气污染每年导致至少1200名儿童早夭

Breathing dirty air causes the premature death of at least 1,200 children across Europe each year, and many thousands more are afflicted with physical and mental health problems that could have lifelong impacts, according to the latest assessment of air pollution by the European Environment Agency.
欧洲环境署的最新评估显示，呼吸污染空气每年导致欧洲至少1200名儿童早夭，并使得数以万计的儿童患上影响一生的身体和心理疾病。

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, an expert in environment and health at EEA, said: “You can’t think about children as little adults, when it comes to air pollution. They receive more pollution, and it starts in the womb and continues in kindergarten and onwards.”

欧洲环境署的环境和健康专家杰拉尔多·桑切斯·马丁内斯表示：“在空气污染这件事上，儿童和大人不能等同视之。儿童吸入的污染物更多，而且从子宫内就开始受到脏空气毒害，这种毒害会一直伴随着他们到幼儿园时期甚至更久。”

Children are particularly susceptible to dirty air, as pollutants can have an impact on their development that is permanent. The impacts begin before birth, with studies linking pollution to low birth weight and premature birth.

儿童对脏空气特别敏感，污染物会对他们的成长产生持久影响。这些影响在孩子出生前就开始了，研究显示，空气污染会导致新生儿体重过轻和早产。

Exposure to high levels of pollutants in childhood have been shown to inhibit lung capacity, cause asthma, lead to higher levels of respiratory disease and ear infections, and increase the risk of allergies – and they may also affect brain development. Children are more exposed to filthy air than adults because they have a faster breathing rate, are closer to the ground, and are outdoors more.
研究发现，童年时期暴露在高水平污染空气中会抑制肺活量，导致哮喘，提高呼吸系统疾病和耳部感染发病率，增加过敏风险，并可能影响大脑发育。儿童吸入的脏空气比成人更多，因为他们呼吸频率更快，离地面更近，而且在户外时间更长。
 
Reducing the sources of air pollution – including road traffic, coal and solid fuel burning, and industrial emissions -- is key, but action should also be taken to reduce the specific risks to children, according to EEA. These could include putting clean air zones around schools, where traffic would be restrained and idling engines prohibited. Local authorities and schools should also look at planting trees, ivy screens and hedge fences around playgrounds.
欧洲环境署指出，减少道路交通、煤炭和固体燃料燃烧和工业排放等空气污染源是关键，但是还应该采取措施来降低儿童面临的空气污染风险。这些措施包括在学校周围划定清洁空气区，在这一区域内限制交通、禁止发动机空转。各地部门和学校也应该在操场周围植树、培植常春藤屏障和树篱。
 
The EEA’s publication, entitled Europe’s Air Quality Status 2023, published on Monday, covers 37 countries, including all EU member states and countries such as Turkey, Serbia, Kosovo and Montenegro, and examines air pollutants including particulates, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphur dioxide.
欧洲环境署4月24日发表的这份名为《2023年度欧洲空气质量状况》的报告涵盖了37个国家，包括全部欧盟成员国以及土耳其、塞尔维亚等国，检测了大气微粒、二氧化氮、臭氧和二氧化硫等空气污染物。
 
Eastern European states came out worst, largely owing to the burning of coal for domestic heating, along with Italy, where industrial pollution in the Po Valley was identified as a key problem. Across Europe, 97% of the population, of all ages, were exposed to levels of air pollution higher than those deemed safe by the World Health Organization, according to EEA.
东欧国家的空气污染最严重，主要是因为这些国家燃烧煤炭以供家庭取暖，意大利的空气也很糟，波河峡谷的工业污染是罪魁祸首。欧洲环境署指出，全欧洲各年龄段人口有97%暴露在超过世界卫生组织安全标准的空气污染之中。

重点词汇
1、womb
英/ wuːm / 美/ wuːm /
n. [解剖] 子宫；发源地
vt. 容纳

2、susceptible
英/ səˈseptəb(ə)l / 美/ səˈseptəb(ə)l /
adj. 易得病的，易受影响的；（人）易受感动的，易动感情的；可能有······的，容许······的；<正式>（尤指想法或陈述）能被理解（或证明、解释）的

3、idling
英/ ˈaɪdlɪŋ / 美/ ˈaɪdlɪŋ /
adj. （发动机）低速运转的
n. 游手好闲