Ice Baths Popular, But Health Claims Not Supported by Evidence

口语:

The gossip was that he cheated on his wife 流言是说他出轨了

Have an affair with ex-coworker 和前同事出轨

Her posts went viral 她的贴子引爆了媒体

He gives his wife the cold shoulder 他对他老婆很冷淡

She accused him of infidelity/ˌɪn.fɪˈdel.ə.ti/ 她指控他不忠

He accused her of slander 他告她诽谤

But she provides more hard evidences 但她提供了实锤的证据

词汇:

hormone: /ˈhɔː.məʊn/ 荷尔蒙 male and female hormones 男性和女生荷尔蒙

zen:/zen/ 禅 Don't worry about doing the right thing with your baby - be more zen about it and you'll be happier. 不要担心如何正确地对待您的宝宝 - 对此多点禅意，您会更快乐。

immersion: /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/ 浸没 Total immersion in a videogame is almost like living another life 完全沉浸在电子游戏中几乎就像过着另一种生活

sauna: /ˈsɔː.nə/ 桑拿 have/go for/take a sauna 去洗桑拿

paranoia: /ˌpær.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ 妄想症 There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment. 目前有很多关于犯罪的偏执狂。

文稿:

Ice baths are a popular subject on American social media pages. Kim Kardashian, Harry Styles, Kristen Bell, Lizzo, and other stars have posted about their cold water experiences. Health claims surrounding ice baths include improved mood, increased energy, weight loss and reduced inflammation. But the science linked to some of those claims is not very strong. Here is what medical evidence, experts and fans say about cold water baths, an activity that dates back hundreds of years.

冰浴是美国社交媒体页面上的热门话题。 Kim Kardashian、Harry Styles、Kristen Bell、Lizzo 和其他明星都发布了他们的冷水体验。围绕冰浴的健康声明包括改善情绪、增加能量、减轻体重和减少炎症。但与其中一些说法相关的科学依据并不是很强。以下是医学证据、专家和粉丝对冷水浴的评价，这项活动可以追溯到数百年前。

Since June 2020, Dan O’Conor has jumped into Lake Michigan almost daily. The 55-year-old man lives in the city of Chicago. O’Conor used the term endorphins - “feel good” hormones released in reaction to pain, stress, exercise and other activities – to talk about his experience. “The endorphin rush … is an incredible way to wake up and just kind of shock the body and get the engine going,” he said on a recent morning when the air temperature was minus-5 Celsius. With the lake temperature at 1 degree Celsius, O’Conor did a running jump into the icy gray water.

自 2020 年 6 月以来，丹·奥康纳几乎每天都会跳入密歇根湖。这位 55 岁的男子住在芝加哥市。奥康纳使用内啡肽这个词——一种对疼痛、压力、运动和其他活动做出反应而释放的“感觉良好”的荷尔蒙——来谈论他的经历。 “内啡肽激增……是一种令人难以置信的唤醒方式，它只是一种刺激身体并让引擎运转的方式，”他在最近的一个早晨说，当时气温为零下 5 摄氏度。湖水温度为 1 摄氏度，奥康纳跑进冰冷的灰色水中。

His first jump came early in the pandemic. O’Conor had too much alcohol and his wife was angry at him. She told him to “go jump in the lake.” The common saying is not usually received as a real command. But, O’Conor acted on it. He says the water felt good that June day, so he kept jumping in every day following. As the water grew colder with seasonal change, the good effect was even greater, he said. “My mental health is a lot stronger, a lot brighter. I found some zen down here coming down and jumping into the lake and shocking that body,” O’Conor said.

他的第一次跳跃发生在大流行初期。奥康纳酗酒，他的妻子生他的气。她告诉他“去湖里跳”。俗语通常不会作为真正的命令被接受。但是，奥康纳采取了行动。他说六月的那一天感觉水很好，所以他每天都坚持跳进去。他说，随着季节变化，水变冷，效果会更好。 “我的心理健康强多了，也活泼多了。我发现这里有一些禅宗下来，跳进湖里，震撼了那个身体，”奥康纳说。

Dr. Will Cronenwett of Northwestern University’s Feinberg medical school tried cold-water immersion once while visiting Scandinavian friends. After a sauna, he jumped into the ice-cold water for a few minutes. He said it was a powerful experience. But Cronenwett says studying cold water immersion with a kind of scientific study known as a randomized controlled trial is difficult. This is because it is hard to develop a placebo for cold water baths. A placebo is something that has no effect. Placebos are important because scientific tests need to compare the possible effect of something with something else that does not have any physical effect.

西北大学范伯格医学院的威尔·克罗南维特博士在拜访斯堪的纳维亚朋友时曾尝试过一次冷水浸泡。洗完桑拿后，他跳进冰冷的水中泡了几分钟。他说这是一次很有力量的经历。但是 Cronenwett 说，通过一种被称为随机对照试验的科学研究来研究冷水浸泡是很困难的。这是因为很难开发出用于冷水浴的安慰剂。安慰剂是没有效果的东西。安慰剂很重要，因为科学测试需要将某物的可能影响与没有任何物理影响的其他东西进行比较。

There are a few ideas about how cold water immersion affects the mind. Cronenwett says it makes the part of the nervous system that controls the resting state more active. Such an effect may increase feelings of well-being. Cold water immersion also affects the part of the nervous system that controls the fight-or-flight stress reaction. Cold water treatment on a usual basis may reduce that reaction. So, Cronenwett said, it might help people feel better able to deal with other stresses in their lives, although that is not proven.

关于冷水浸泡如何影响大脑，有一些想法。 Cronenwett 说它使控制静息状态的神经系统部分更加活跃。这种效果可能会增加幸福感。冷水浸泡还会影响控制战或逃应激反应的神经系统部分。通常的冷水处理可能会减少这种反应。因此，Cronenwett 说，这可能有助于人们更好地应对生活中的其他压力，尽管这尚未得到证实。

Czech researchers found that cold water immersion can increase blood levels of dopamine — another hormone — by 250 percent. High amounts have been linked with paranoia and aggression, noted James Mercer of the Arctic University of Norway. Mercer co-wrote a recent scientific paper that examined studies on the treatment.Cold water immersion raises blood pressure and increases stress on the heart. Studies have shown this is safe for healthy people and the effects are only temporary. But sometimes these effects can cause the heart to beat unevenly and can cause death, Cronenwett said. People with heart conditions or a family history of early heart disease should talk with a doctor before doing cold water immersion, he said.

捷克研究人员发现，冷水浸泡可以使血液中多巴胺（另一种激素）的含量增加 250%。挪威北极大学的詹姆斯·默瑟 (James Mercer) 指出，高剂量与偏执狂和攻击性有关。美世 (Mercer) 与人合着了一篇最近的科学论文，该论文审查了有关治疗的研究。冷水浸泡会升高血压并增加心脏压力。研究表明，这对健康人是安全的，而且效果只是暂时的。但有时这些影响会导致心脏跳动不均匀并可能导致死亡，Cronenwett 说。他说，患有心脏病或有早期心脏病家族史的人在进行冷水浸泡之前应该咨询医生。

Repeated cold-water immersions during colder seasons have been shown to improve how the body reacts to insulin, a hormone that controls blood sugar levels, Mercer noted. This might help reduce the risk of getting diabetes. It also might help people with the disease control it. More study is required to know for sure. Cold water immersion also activates brown fat. This tissue helps keep the body warm and helps it control blood sugar and insulin levels. It also helps the body burn calories.

Mercer 指出，在较冷的季节反复浸泡冷水已被证明可以改善身体对胰岛素的反应，胰岛素是一种控制血糖水平的激素。这可能有助于降低患糖尿病的风险。它还可以帮助患有这种疾病的人控制它。需要更多的研究才能确定。冷水浸泡也会激活棕色脂肪。这种组织有助于保持身体温暖，并有助于控制血糖和胰岛素水平。它还可以帮助身体燃烧卡路里。