My name is Fillippo Bogliano, and I live in northern Italy. My home is on the southern slopes of the Alps in a city called Turin, which is also on the Po River. Many people travel here to trade with the local merchants for all kinds of products; some buy red wine while others come for our nutty chocolate. But Turin is best known for its cheese! How do I know this? Because I am a
casaro
, an expert cheese maker.
My family first came to this area from France in 1745, when I was just a year old. Then my father herded cattle in the mountains and sold fresh milk, but this was hard work and did not pay very well. My father soon discovered that the
casaros
who bought his milk made a very nice living. So he decided that when I was old enough, I would learn the cheese-making trade. When I reached the age of 11, my father sent me to live with one of the most respected
casaros
in Turin. This man was glad to be my mentor since my father had taught me so much about milk already. I was an apprentice for five years, and I learned everything there was to know about making cheese. I quickly realized that no two batches of cheese are alike, just as no pail of fresh milk is exactly the same as another. I also learned that even a small change in the cheese-making process can result in a completely different kind of cheese. Now I am 22, and I have my own business, which keeps my whole family busy. My mother and father sell our cheese in the marketplace; my two brothers tend the cows, and my wife, Magda, manages the household. We all work together because making cheese is difficult work.
Several kinds of cheese are made in this region of Italy, but Gorgonzola is my favorite, because this white, creamy cheese with blue veins has a sharp, tangy flavor. It is the most famous cheese in Turin and my specialty. Legend has it that Gorgonzola was discovered by accident by an apprentice
casaro
who was very much in love. He was late for a meeting with his girlfriend, but he had not finished his work. So he dumped his unfinished cheese into a pail of fresh milk that a herdsman had brought in. Later the mixture hardened, became moldy, and turned greenish blue, but the
casaro
didn't want to throw it away. So he sold it anyway, and his customers loved it! Gorgonzola cheese was born.
To be honest, though, making this wonderful cheese takes talent and patience. Every evening, after our herd comes down from the alpine meadows, my brothers milk the cows and bring the milk into my workshop. I carefully pour the milk into shallow pails and allow it to set overnight. The next day I add a special ingredient called rennet. Rennet is an acidic enzyme, a natural chemical produced in a calf's stomach. It turns the milk into a curd—a thickened milk paste—and separates the curd from the whey, a thin and yellowish liquid. In fact, this action is called "turning" the milk. On the morning of the second day, I make another curd from the morning milking. Then, in the afternoon, I combine the curd from the first day with the curd from the second day. I put the fresh curd on the bottom and sides of the pail and the older curd in the center. Next I gently knead the curd with my hands, smoothing it out, and remove it from the pail. Then I shape the cheese into a circular shape, called a round. Many types of cheese are made in this way, and cheese can be made in rounds of any size—some are small and some are quite large. I make about three rounds a day, and flip them over frequently to drain the remaining whey out of the curd.
Most days there is no time to go back to the house for breakfast or lunch, so Magda brings pasta to my workshop. She doesn't like to come here very much because she thinks that the cheese is too stinky. She says that Gorgonzola smells like dirty socks! She is right; it does smell pretty bad. But I am so used to it now that it doesn't bother me. I just think about how good it will taste.
The final step is to add sea salt to the rounds of curd over a period of five days to firm them up. Then the rounds are ready to be ripened, and my brothers and I take all the rounds to a nearby cave. We stack them on tall wooden racks like books on a library shelf, and as they go through the aging process, I return to the cave often to flip the rounds over. This keeps the rounds firm and hard as they age. Our caves in northern Italy have the perfect temperature and humidity for ripening the cheese. These special caves also have a mold that grows in them. It attaches itself to the ripening cheese and, like magic, causes the blue and green veins to appear in the cheese in about three weeks!
We have to let the Gorgonzola ripen for at least three months before it is ready to eat. Younger cheese tastes sweeter and is softer. Rounds that are aged more than six months are harder and have a spicy flavor. Older Gorgonzola that is aged for a year is more valuable, so we mostly make this kind. When the cheese rounds are ready, my brothers carry them to the wagon so that my mother and father can take them to the market the next day.
At our stall, Bogliano's Gorgonzola, everyone can stop and taste our cheese, drink a little wine, and talk about the lovely weather. Oh, I wish I could eat and talk with our customers, but I must stay behind to clean up the caves and watch over the next batch of cheese as it ages. My cheese-making work never ends, but I love it!
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