Book I 5

Maximus exemplified self-government, steadiness of purpose, cheerfulness in all circumstances, and working without complaining. Everyone trusted his words as genuine and his intentions as good. He never showed surprise, haste, frustration, anger, or suspicion. He was eager to give and quick to forgive. He also had a wonderful sense of humor, kindhearted rather than caustic. In Maximus’ presence, no one could feel small or worthless; neither could anyone feel superior.

My adoptive father (Emperor Antoninus Pius) demonstrated mildness of temper and unshakable resolve. He considered himself one of the people, had no vain hunger for praise and honors, and was ready to listen to anyone with ideas for helping the commonwealth. His justice was impartial; his wisdom gained from experience. He was loyal to his friends, but not to the point of indulgence; he flattered no one.

He investigated each matter carefully and thoroughly, never satisfied with first appearances. He honored true philosophers and was not fooled by sophists. He took care of his body for the purpose of health—not vanity—and he rarely needed a doctor’s services. He humbly sought help from experts in oratory, knowledge of the law, and other fields, and he freely help to others. He filled the role of emperor comfortably, without pomp and show. He followed a consistent routine, shunning novelty, unpredictability, and change for change’s sake. His secrets were few, and then only when matters of the empire were at stake. He considered only what needed to be done, not whether he would be praised or blamed. We know how he graciously pardoned the toll collector at Tusculum. Such was his way—never harsh, inflexible, or vindictive.

He was ever watchful over the empire and its finances, always mindful of the long-term. He was prudent in constructing public buildings, putting on spectacles, and otherwise spending the people’s taxes, and he patiently endured the criticism he incurred for being so frugal. He was frugal in his personal life, too. When he had fine things he enjoyed them in moderation, and when he was without them he did not complain. He didn’t build multiple houses, lounge in leisurely baths, care about gourmet meals, or think about the color and style of his clothes.

Like Socrates, he was able to abstain from those things many are too weak to abstain from, and to enjoy in moderation those things many can only enjoy to excess. Such strength and sobriety is the mark of a perfect, invincible soul.