共产党宣言全英文版-马克思和恩格斯

The Communist Manifesto 共产党宣言

The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.
In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes. Again, subordinate gradations.
The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinct feature; it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other-bourgeoisie and proletariat.
--Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

共产党宣言
迄今存在过的一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。 自由民与奴隶，贵族与贫民， 地主与农奴，行东与帮工， 简言之，压迫者与被压迫者，始终是处于相互对抗的低位， 进行着不断的，有时是隐藏，有时是公开的斗争，每次结局若不是全部社会结构收到革命改造，便是个斗争阶级同归于尽。
在先前各个历史时代，我们差不多到处都可以看见社会完全分成为各个不同的等级，可以看见各种不同的社会地位构成为整整一串阶梯。 在古代罗马有贵族，骑士，贫民和奴隶； 在中世纪有封建领主，陪臣，行东，帮工和农奴，并且几乎其中每个阶级里面又有一些特别的等级。
从灭亡了的封建社会里产生出来的现代资产阶级社会，并没有消灭掉阶级矛盾。它不过是用新的阶级，新的压迫条件，新的斗争形式代替了旧的罢了。
但现今这个时代，即资产阶级时代，却有一个特点，就是它使阶级矛盾简单化了；社会日益分裂为两个敌对的阵营，两大互相对抗的阶级，即资产阶级和无产阶级。
--卡尔.马克思和弗.恩格斯