18.High School English Listening

I've heard that psilocybin, which is the hallucinogenicingredient in psychedelic mushrooms, can alter people'spersonalities and make them nicer.
Is that true?
Well, first, before answering the question, we need to be clear that psilocybin is an illegalsubstance.
And although psychedelic mushrooms are not known to be addictive, their effects canbe unpredictable and extremely unpleasant.
Right,but scientists with government permission are able to experiment with psilocybin.
And inone study researchers did in fact find that some people who took a single dose of psilocybin experienced altered personalities for more than a year.
In most cases, the alterations were positivesubjects who had what they called a mystical experience while on the drug showed increases in apersonality trait known as openness.
Which is pretty much what it sounds like:
being more open to and appreciative of art, music,other people.
Openness also means being more imaginative, intellectually engaged, and moreaware of feelings in yourself and in others.
Which all sounds pretty good.
But note that most of the subjects in the study were peoplealready into mystical practices such as prayer and meditation.
So it's not as though anyone whowants to become a nicer person can simply take a dose of psilocybin and be instantlytransformed.
It's possible that the effect only happens with people already leaning towardopenness.
But it's also possible that psilocybin could be used to help treat people with personality disordersand other psychological problems.
译文：
我听说迷幻蘑菇中的致幻成分--银杏碱，可以改变人们的性格，使他们变得更友善。
这是真的吗？
首先，在回答这个问题之前，我们需要明确，迷幻药是一种非法物质。
虽然迷幻蘑菇不知道是否会上瘾，但它们的影响可能是不可预测的，而且非常令人不快。
对，但有政府许可的科学家可以用迷幻药做实验。
在一项研究中，研究人员确实发现，一些服用单剂量迷幻药的人在一年多的时间里经历了人格的改变。
在大多数情况下，这种改变是积极的，被试者在服用药物时有所谓的神秘体验，显示出被称为开放性的个性特征的增加。
这和它听起来很像。
对艺术、音乐和其他人更加开放和欣赏。
开放性还意味着更有想象力，更有智力参与，更了解自己和他人的感受。
这一切听起来都很好。
但要注意的是，研究中的大多数受试者都是已经进入神秘主义实践的人，如祈祷和冥想。
因此，并不是说任何想成为一个更好的人的人都可以简单地服用一剂迷幻药而立即得到转变。
有可能这种效果只发生在已经倾向于开放的人身上。
但也有可能迷幻药可以用来帮助治疗人格障碍和其他心理问题的人。
重点词汇：
known to 已知的
government permission 政府批准；政府许可
experiment with 以…做试验
some people 某些人
more than 比…更;比…更重要 ; 超出需要;超乎寻常
known as 被称为 ; 被认为是 ; 以…而闻名