（Level 3）-Day_91 Marathon

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词汇提示

1.integrate 融合

2.rigorous 严格的

3.atmosphere 氛围

4.mimic 模仿

5.collapsed 倒下

6.coincide 同时 

7.yank 猛拉

原文

Marathon

Few sports events integrate the competitive side of sport with social and playful side of sport like marathon running.

This might seem like a strange thing to say about what is such a rigorous and physically challenging event.

However，major city marathons attract both serious competitors and less serious runners in the same event，and often generate a citywide party atmosphere leading up to and during the event.

The competitive marathon was introduced as part of the modern Olympic Games in 1896.

The purpose of the event was to mimic the ancient Greek Games，despite the fact that no such event was held in ancient Greece.

However，according to legend，in 490 BC，a Greek soldier ran from Marathon to Athens to take news of a Greek military victory over the Persians.

The runner collapsed with exhaustion and died.

Interestingly，the first winner of the modern-day Olympic marathon in Athens，Greece，was Spiridon Louys，a Greek runner.

As the twentieth century unfolded，major track and field meets integrated the marathon into their schedules.

However，the marathon grew in popularity due mostly to the emergence of several urban-based marathons.

Some，notable the Boston Marathon，had been around for decades；however，many new ones emerged，especially in the 1970s and 1980s.

The emergence of these popular races coincided with a late-twentieth century boom in the sports and exercise industry.

As a result，the sport of running took off.

Also，lasting image from top international competition began to attract people to marathon running.

In the Olympic marathon in 1952，Emil Zatopek won the race after having competed-and also won-in the 5000 and 10000 meters races.

In 1960 and 1964，Ethiopian Abebe Bikila won the marathon，making himself a national hero.

Images of Bikila running barefoot in his first victory in 1960 are engrained in most serious marathoners' minds.

Women entered marathon running in the 1960s and 1970s，although their participation was met with great resistance.

While women had run marathons for decades（the first time recorded came in 1926 by Violet Percy），it was Kathy Switzer's run in the 1967 Boston marathon that was one of the most important symbolic runs for women.

In the middle of the marathon，a Boston official spotted Switzer running and tired to yank her off the course.

Switzer and fellow supporters resisted，and she went on to finish the race.

Switzer's effort motivated other women to take on marathon running，and the participation rose，although slowly.

It was not until 1984 that the women's marathon was included in the Olympic program.

Today，major city marathons in Boston，New York，London，Berlin，and cities around the world make the race one of the most attractive participatory and spectator amateur sports events in the world.

翻译

马拉松

很少有体育赛事能像马拉松这样将体育运动的竞争性与社交性和娱乐性结合起来。
这么去说一个如此严格和具有身体挑战的活动，似乎是一件奇怪的事情，。

然而，主要城市的马拉松比赛在同一赛事中既吸引了严肃的选手，也吸引了不那么严肃的选手，通常会在赛事之前和期间产生一种全市性的聚会气氛。
竞技马拉松是1896年现代奥运会的一部分。
这项活动的目的是模仿古希腊运动会，尽管古希腊没有举办过这样的活动。
然而，据传说，公元前490年，一名希腊士兵为了传递希腊军队战胜波斯人的消息，从马拉松跑到雅典。

跑步者因精疲力竭而倒下死亡。
有趣的是，在希腊雅典举行的现代奥林匹克马拉松比赛中，第一位获胜者是希腊选手斯皮里登·卢伊斯。
随着二十世纪的发展，大型田径运动会将马拉松纳入了他们的日程。
然而，马拉松越来越受欢迎，主要是因为一些城市马拉松的出现。
其中一些，尤其是波士顿马拉松，已经存在了几十年；然而，许多新的马拉松出现了，特别是在20世纪70年代和80年代。
这些热门赛事的出现与20世纪末体育运动行业的繁荣相吻合。
因此，跑步运动开始流行起来。
此外，顶级国际赛事的持久形象开始吸引人们参加马拉松比赛。
在1952年的奥林匹克马拉松比赛中，埃米尔·扎托佩克在完成比赛赢得了冠军，并在5000米和10000米比赛中获胜。
1960年和1964年，埃塞俄比亚人阿贝贝·比基拉赢得了马拉松比赛，成为了民族英雄。
比基拉在1960年第一次获胜时赤脚跑步的画面深深地印在大多数马拉松运动员的脑海中。
20世纪60年代和70年代，女性参加了马拉松比赛，尽管她们的参与遇到了巨大阻力。
虽然女性已经跑了几十年的马拉松（第一次记录是在1926年，由Violet Percy记录），但对女性来说，最重要的标志性跑步之一是凯西·斯威策在1967年波士顿马拉松中的跑步。
在马拉松比赛进行到一半时，波士顿的一名官员发现斯威策正在跑步，并试图将她拉离跑道。
斯威策和其他支持者进行了抵制，她继续完成了比赛。
斯威策的努力促使其他女性参加马拉松比赛，参与率上升，尽管速度缓慢。
直到1984年，女子马拉松才被列入奥运会项目。
如今，波士顿、纽约、伦敦、柏林和世界各地的主要城市马拉松比赛使这场比赛成为世界上最具吸引力的参与性和观赏性业余体育赛事之一。