E120 世纪奴隶 | 一枚镀金项圈，三百年腥风血雨

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COURTESY OF RIJKSMUSEUM
Researchers once thought this richly decorated collar at Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum belonged to a family dog. It was later discovered that it was worn by an enslaved Black person. Rijksmuseum is one of several European museums reevaluating its artifacts and dissecting its colonial roots to recount history more accurately.

图为阿姆斯特丹荷兰国立博物馆（the Rijksmuseum）的一馆藏项圈。起初，研究人员认为这个装饰华丽的项圈是犬用物品，后来却发现这是一位黑人奴隶曾佩戴过的。欧洲几家博物馆都在重新评估其文物并剖析其殖民根源，以便更准确地讲述馆藏品的历史背景，荷兰国立博物馆就是其中之一。

课程撰稿人

David

课程讲述人

David

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Dog collar or slave collar? A Dutch museum iterrogates a brutal past 

荷兰博物馆揭残酷历史：狗狗项圈还是奴隶项圈？

01:51①When a finely engraved 17th-century golden collar was donated to the Rijksmuseum, the Netherlands' national museum in 1881, it was labeled as a dog collar. 

1881年，有人将一个17世纪的精雕金制项圈捐赠给荷兰国立博物馆（the Rijksmuseum）。当时，它被标记为“犬用项圈”。

03:29②But a few years ago, when the museum reexamined its collections for its recent exhibition on the Dutch slave trade, curators realized the beautiful object had an ugly past.

但几年前，为了准备当时的荷兰奴隶贸易主题展，该博物馆重新对其藏品进行了检查。也因此，策展人员发现这件精美的展品背后还隐藏着一段丑陋的历史。

05:10③From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Dutch traders sold more than 600,000 Africans to buyers in North and South America and enslaved and sold between 660,000 and 1.1 million people from Asian territories.

从17世纪到19世纪，荷兰共贩卖了60余万非洲人至北美和南美洲。此外，他们还从亚洲奴役并贩卖了约66到110万人。

07:15④Since the planning of the Slavery exhibition in 2017, curators have been reevaluating the incomplete stories behind some artifacts in the permanent collection at Rijksmuseum. 

自2017年策划奴隶主题展以来，策展人员就一直在重新评估荷兰国立博物馆里一些永久展品背后鲜为人知的故事。

09:01⑤This year, the museum added a second information label to 77 items, putting each in a more accurate historical context.

今年，该博物馆为77个展品添加了新的信息标签，以更准确地介绍其背后的历史。

10:21⑥A similar reexamination is happening at cultural institutions throughout Europe. 

同时，欧洲其他地方的博物馆也在重新对展品做类似的评估。

10:53⑦Some of these organizations, many founded during the colonial period, were filled with artifacts that were acquired illegally or unethically, their history largely whitewashed. 

这些机构中有许多建立于殖民时期，许多馆藏都是通过非法或不道德的方式获取的，而它们的历史已基本被洗白。 

13:05⑧Now, under pressure from former colonies, activists, and academics, a number of museums are exploring narratives that critically confront the colonial roots and legacies of their collections, and reimagine who should tell those stories.

不过现在，迫于前殖民地住民、活动人士和学者的压力，一些博物馆正在挖掘展品背后的故事，直面其背后的殖民根源和历史遗产，并重新思考该由谁来讲述这些故事。

15:12⑨"The colonial past and specifically slavery are a regular subject of debate in the public sphere," says Valika Smeulders, head of Rijksmuseum's history department. "Yet in education and museums, these subjects have been underrepresented."

荷兰国立博物馆历史部负责人瓦利卡•斯莫德斯（Valika Smeulders）表示：“殖民历史，尤其是蓄奴史，是公众领域经常会被讨论的话题，但在教育和博物馆领域，这些问题的讨论度还远远不够。”

COURTESY OF RIJKSMUSEUM

COURTESY OF RIJKSMUSEUM

A woman studies a Rijksmusuem exhibit that delves into the history of the Dutch slave trade.

图中一位女士正在细察荷兰国立博物馆（Rijksmusuem）的展览。该展览对荷兰的奴隶贸易史进行了深度展示。

COURTESY OF RIJKSMUSEUM

FOOT STOCKS

图为用以束缚奴隶的脚镣。

精选语言点

1. 词汇

1）collar /ˈkɒlə(r)/ n. 项圈；衣领

blue collar 蓝领

white collar 白领

2）interrogate /ɪnˈterəɡeɪt/ v. 询问，盘问

to interrogate sb. 审问某人

3）brutal /ˈbruːtl/ adj. 残酷的

a brutal attack 残酷的进攻

4）finely /ˈfaɪnli/ adv. 精细地

to chop up the meat finely 把肉剁细

fine adj. 精细的

fine rain 细雨

fine dining 高级餐饮

5）engrave /ɪnˈɡreɪv/ v. 雕刻

6）reexamine /riːɪɡ'zæmɪn/ v. 重新检查

re- 前缀，表重新

reevaluate v. 重新评估，重新审视

reimagine v. 重新构想

7）curator /kjʊəˈreɪtə(r)/ n. 策展人员；馆长

8）enslave /ɪnˈsleɪv/ v. 使...成为奴隶

9）territory /ˈterətri/ n. 地区

to mark one's territory 宣誓主权

10）artifact /ˈɑːtɪfækt/ n. 手工艺品

11）context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. 背景，环境；语境

to quote sth. out of context 断章取义

12）colonial /kəˈləʊniəl/ adj. 殖民地的；殖民主义的

colony n. 殖民地

13）whitewash /ˈwaɪtwɒʃ/ v. 粉饰，掩饰

14）narrative /ˈnærətɪv/ n. 故事，陈述

15）critically /ˈkrɪtɪkli/ adv. 批判性地

16）confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ v. 面对；与...对证

to confront the truth 面对现实

17）root /ruːt/ n. 根基

18）legacy /ˈleɡəsi/ n. 文化遗产

19）sphere /sfɪə(r)/ n. 领域；球体

public sphere 公共领域

20）underrepresented /ˌʌndə ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/ adj. 未被充分代表的

原文链接

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/how-amsterdams-rijksmuseum-is-addressing-its-colonial-past