【冰岛】胆小鬼勿扰！直击火山喷发，观赏“炼狱岩浆”

PHOTOGRAPHS BYCHRIS BURKARD

课程撰稿人

David

课程讲述人

David

精选段落 

（注意：以下均为精选段落，段落之间未必有逻辑连贯性；如需查看全文，请移步讲义最下方原文链接，复制链接然后粘贴至搜索栏查看原文）

Is volcano tourism safe?

火山旅游安全吗？

①In the last decade, volcano tourism has boomed, fueled in part by social media and so-called “lava chasers.” They seek legendary, photogenic smoking spots like Mount Vesuvius (and the other two dozen-plus active volcanic sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List).

过去十年，受社交媒体和所谓“岩浆追逐者”的影响，火山旅游蓬勃发展。人们追寻既有名又上镜的冒烟口，比如意大利的维苏威火山（Mount Vesuvius），以及其他二十几个收录在联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录中的火山景点。

②Depending on the place, travelers can take lava boat tours, hop helicopter trips over calderas, surf down the slopes of a volcano, or even walk to the edge of the lava lake. But these endeavors come with risk. Eruptions often produce poisonous gasses (e.g., sulfur dioxide, present at Fagradalsfjall) that can damage your lungs. Between 2010 and 2020, at least 1,143 people have been killed in volcanic explosions, most recently near New Zealand’s Whakaari/White Island volcano, which suddenly erupted December 9, 2019, killing 22 tourists and injuring 25 others.

游客们可以根据旅行地点的不同，选择不同的观光项目，包括乘船观看岩浆，乘坐直升机飞越破火山口，火山坡滑行，甚至步行至熔岩湖边缘。但这些项目显然都具有风险。火山喷发经常会产生有毒气体（如法格拉达尔火山（Fagradalsfjall）爆发时产生二氧化硫气体），有损人类的肺部健康。2010年到2020年间，至少有1,143人死于火山爆发。最近一次伤亡事件发生在2019年12月9日，新西兰的怀特岛（Whakaari/White Island）火山突然喷发，导致22名游客死亡，25人受伤。

③Yet, these casualties seem to have fueled curiosity rather than deterred tourism. Instead of steering clear of erupting volcanoes, sensation seekers are drawn to disaster areas—a trend expected to continue after the pandemic.

然而，这些伤亡并没有劝退人们纷至沓来的脚步，反而更加刺激了好奇心。寻求刺激的人们没有避开即将爆发的火山，反而被吸引至灾区——这一趋势预计在疫情过后仍将继续。

④Author of the Volcano Adventure Guide, Lopes says it’s important to know the type of volcanoes you’re visiting. The volatility of a given site depends on its lava: thin and runny lava flows out of the volcano slowly, while thick and viscous lava makes it difficult for gas to escape, resulting in more explosive (and possibly, deadly) eruptions. Knowing which sort you are dealing with could potentially save your life.

《火山探险指南》的作者洛佩兹（Lopes） 说，了解你要造访的火山类别很重要。火山的不稳定性取决于它的熔岩类型：一种熔岩质地稀薄，会从火山口缓慢流出，另一种则较为浓稠，导致气体很难释出，因此会导致更具有爆炸性的（也可能更要命的）喷发。了解你要去的地方是哪一种火山，在危急关头可能会救你一命。

PHOTOGRAPHS BYCHRIS BURKARD

Thousands of visitors hiked out to the Fagradalsfjall volcano to witness the aftermath of its March 2021 eruption.

数千名游客徒步前往法格拉达尔火山，见证其在2021年3月爆发后的壮观景色。

PHOTOGRAPHS BYCHRIS BURKARD

A tourist took a cell phone photo at the volcano in March 2021.

2021年3月，一名游客在火山上用手机拍照。

PHOTOGRAPHS BYCHRIS BURKARD

A drone photo depicts silica lava snaking away from the Fagradalsfjall volcano.

无人机捕捉到了高硅岩浆从法格拉达尔火山蜿蜒而出的画面。

PHOTOGRAPHS BYCHRIS BURKARD

Search and rescue vehicles comb the area surrounding Iceland’s Fagradalsfjall volcano for lost or injured tourists.

搜救车辆在冰岛法格拉达尔火山周围地区搜寻失踪或受伤的游客。

精选语言点

1. 词汇

1）boom /bum/ v. 激增；繁荣昌盛

Business is booming. 生意兴隆。

2）fuel /ˈfjuːəl/ v. 给...加速 n. 燃料；燃油

3）legendary/'ledʒən.deri/ adj. 享有盛名的

4）photogenic /ˌfoʊtoʊˈdʒɛnik/ adj. 上镜的；上相的

5）dozen /'dʌz(ə)n/ n. （一）打；十二个

6）hop /hɑp/ v. 单脚跳；突然快速去某处；短途旅行

we hopped over to Tokyo for the weekend.

我们周末去东京短途旅行了两天。

7）caldera /kɒl'deərə/ n. 破火山口：火山塌陷成巨大碗口形火山凹地

stratovolcano n. 层状火山：高山形状，比如富士山

shield volcano n. 盾状火山：形似一个大鼓包，如夏威夷岛上的多数火山

8）endeavor /ɪn'devər/ n. 努力

9）casualty /'kæʒuəlti/ n. 受害者；遇难者

Our troops suffered heavy casualties. 

我们的部队伤亡惨重。

10）deter /dɪ'tɜr/ v. 阻止；威慑；使不敢

deter sb from doing sth. 让某人不敢去做某事

11）sensation /senˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 感觉；知觉

sensation seeker=thrill-seeker 追求刺激的人

a falling sensation 坠落感

12）volatility /ˌvɒlə'tɪləti/ n. 不稳定性；变化无常

volatile adj. 易变的；无定性的

He's a little volatile today. Let's steer clear of him。

他今天情绪有些不稳定，我们离他远一点。

13）runny /'rʌni/ adj. 流鼻涕的；水分多的

My nose is running. =I have a runny nose.

我在流鼻涕。

2. 词组

1）定语+tourism 表达不同旅游的类别

medical tourism 医疗旅游

culinary tourism 吃货之旅

wildlife tourism 野生动物旅游

2）steer clear of避开；绕开；机灵地脱身

You’d best steer clear of him. 

你最好离他远点。

3. 写作小技巧

1）数字-plus 可替换more than...

There are more than 20 hotels on this street alone.

There are 20-plus hotels on this street alone.

仅仅这条街上就有20多家旅馆。

原文链接

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/is-volcano-tourism-safe