Chapter 6.3&6.4 名师讲解

 But his heart was in a constant, turbulent riot. The most grotesque and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. A universe of ineffable gaudiness spun itself out in his brain while the clock ticked on the washstand and the moon soaked with wet light his tangled clothes upon the floor. Each night he added to the pattern of his fancies until drowsiness closed down upon some vivid scene with an oblivious embrace. For a while these reveries provided an outlet for his imagination; they were a satisfactory hint of the unreality of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy’s wing. (P63, Para.4)
剖析
年轻时的Gatsby脑海里充斥着各种幻想，对于他来说，世界的根基建立于仙女的翅膀上，仙女的翅膀代表着幻想，即现实是不真实的，他的幻想反而是真实的。
词汇
turbulent /'tɜːbjʊl(ə)nt/ adj. 骚乱的，混乱的；conceit /kən'siːt/ n.幻想；ineffable /ɪn'efəb(ə)l/ adj. 不可言喻的，难以形容的；gaudiness /'gɔ:dinis/ n. 华美；spin /spɪn/ v. 旋转（过去式是spun）；tangled /'tæŋgld/ adj. 紊乱的，纠缠的；drowsiness /'draʊzɪnɪs/ n. 睡意；oblivious /ə'blɪvɪəs/ adj. 遗忘的；reverie /'rev(ə)rɪ/ n.幻想，沉思；outlet /'aʊtlet/ n. 出口，发泄的方法
翻译
他的内心一直处于一种激动不安的状态。各种稀奇古怪的幻想会在夜里造访他。一个难以言喻的华美的小宇宙在他的脑海中旋转，这时时钟在洗脸架上滴答地响着，地板上乱七八糟的衣服浸润在如水的月光中。每天晚上，他就会为他的幻想添枝加叶，正当他幻想某个鲜活生动的场景时，困意就会降临，让他忘了这一切。有一段时间，这些幻想为他的想象力提供了一个宣泄的出口，这些幻想是令他满意的暗示，暗示着现实其实是不真实的，它们表明世界的根基建立于仙女的翅膀上。


I suppose he smiled at Cody — he had probably discovered that people liked him when he smiled. At any rate Cody asked him a few questions (one of them elicited the brand new name) and found that he was quick and extravagantly ambitious. (P64, Para.2)
剖析
1. Gatsby抓住机会获得了Cody的青睐，成了Cody的雇员。
2. 之前作者也提到过“盖茨比式微笑”，让人安心，散发着魅力。
3. “brand new”指“全新的、崭新的”。
词汇
elicit /ɪ'lɪsɪt/ v. 引出；extravagantly /ɪk'strævəgəntli/ adv.过度地
翻译
我想他对科迪笑了——他可能早就发现他笑的时候很讨人喜欢。不管怎样，科迪问了他几个问题（其中一个问题引出了他的新名字），然后发现他思维敏捷、雄心勃勃。


… for Dan Cody sober knew what lavish doings Dan Cody drunk might soon be about, and he provided for such contingencies by reposing more and more trust in Gatsby.
…
It was indirectly due to Cody that Gatsby drank so little. (P64, Para.3~4)
剖析
1. “Dan Cody sober”指“清醒时的Dan Cody”，“Dan Cody drunk”指“喝醉时的Dan Cody”。
2. “provide for…”有“为……做准备”的意思，即他为这些可能发生的意外事故做好了准备。
词汇
sober /'səʊbə/ adj. 冷静的，清醒的；lavish /'lævɪʃ/ adj. 浪费的；contingency /kən'tɪndʒ(ə)nsɪ/ n. 偶然性
翻译
……因为丹·科迪清醒的时候知道他喝醉了会做出什么挥金如土的傻事，因此他越来越信赖盖茨比，以防止这一类的事发生。
……
盖茨比不喝酒的习惯要间接归功于丹·科迪。


And it was from Cody that he inherited money — a legacy of twenty-five thousand dollars. He didn’t get it. He never understood the legal device that was used against him, but what remained of the millions went intact to Ella Kaye. He was left with his singularly appropriate education; the vague contour of Jay Gatsby had filled out to the substantiality of a man. (P64，倒数第2段)
剖析
Gatsby在Cody死后没有继承到遗产，但是他学到了恰当的东西，性格也得以形成。
词汇
legacy /'legəsɪ/ n. 遗产；contour /'kɒntʊə/ n . 轮廓；substantiality /səb,stænʃɪ'æləti/ n. 实体
翻译
他从科迪那里继承了一笔钱——二万五千美元的财产。他没拿到钱。他从没弄明白别人用了什么法律手段来对付他，剩下的遗产都给了埃拉·凯。留给他的是一份独特而恰当的教育；杰伊·盖茨比的模糊轮廓已经逐渐充实成为一个血肉丰满的人了。


随堂练习
练习1：请将正确的选项填入空格处。
1. His parents were ______ and ______ farm people — his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all. The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his ______ conception of himself. He was a son of God… and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar and ______ beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was ______ to the end.
选项：shiftless, Platonic, faithful, unsuccessful, meretricious


2. But his heart was in a constant, ______ riot. The most ______ and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. A universe of ______ gaudiness spun itself out in his brain… Each night he added to the pattern of his fancies until drowsiness closed down upon some vivid scene with an ______ embrace.
选项：turbulent, ineffable, grotesque, oblivious


练习2：找出原文中所有表示Gatsby幻想的词。


chapter 6.4
文本解析
It transpired after a confused five minutes that the man had heard Gatsby's name around his office in a connection which he either wouldn't reveal or didn't fully understand. This was his day off and with laudable initiative he had hurried out "to see". (P62, Para.7)
词汇
transpire /træn'spaɪə/ v.（事实，秘密等）被人知道；laudable /'lɔːdəb(ə)l/ adj.值得赞美的; initiative /ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv/ n.主动的行动
翻译
在最初令人困惑的五分钟过去后，事情才弄清楚。原来这个人在他报馆里曾经听人提到盖茨比的名字，可是为什么会提到他却不肯透露，或者他也没完全弄明白。这天他休息，于是就积极主动地跑出来“看看”。


It was a random shot, and yet the reporter's instinct was right. (P62, Para.8)
剖析
“a random shot”是指“随意试试、碰碰运气”。
词汇
shot /ʃɒt/ n.尝试
翻译
虽然只是碰碰运气，但是这位记者的直觉是正确的。


For over a year he had been beating his way along the south shore of Lake Superior as a clam-digger and a salmon-fisher or in any other capacity that brought him food and bed. His brown, hardening body lived naturally through the half-fierce, half-lazy work of the bracing days. He knew women early, and since they spoiled him he became contemptuous of them, of young virgins because they were ignorant, of the others because they were hysterical about things which in his overwhelming self-absorption he took for granted. (P63, Para.3)
词汇
clam /klæm/ n.蛤蜊；salmon /'sæmən/ n. 鲑鱼，三文鱼；bracing /'breɪsɪŋ/ adj. 使人振奋的；contemptuous /kən'tem(p)tjʊəs/ adj.蔑视的，鄙视的；hysterical /hɪ'sterɪk(ə)l/ adj.歇斯底里的，情绪异常激动的；overwhelming /ˌəuvəˈhwelmiŋ/ adj.巨大的，压倒一切的；self-absorption 自我陶醉
翻译
有超过一年的时间，他沿着苏必利尔湖南岸讨生活，有时捞蛤蜊，有时捕鲑鱼，或者做一些其他的事情来为自己提供食宿。他那古铜色、日渐硬朗的身体应付着时紧时松的工作，日子过得舒适惬意。他很早就了解女人，而且由于女人们对他过分宠爱，他变得很鄙视她们。他看不起年轻的处女，因为她们无知，他看不起其他女人，因为她们会为了一些事情而歇斯底里，而在他那颗势不可挡的自负的心里，那些事都是理所当然的。


An instinct towards his future glory had led him, some months before, to the small Lutheran College of St Olaf's in southern Minnesota. He stayed there two weeks, dismayed at its ferocious indifference to the drums of his destiny, to destiny itself, and despising the janitor's work with which he was to pay his way through. Then he drifted back to Lake Superior, and he was still searching for something to do on the day that Dan Cody's yacht dropped anchor in the shallows alongshore. (P63, Para.5)
词汇
dismay /dɪs'meɪ/ v.使沮丧；ferocious /fə'rəʊʃəs/ adj.凶猛的，残忍的；despise /dɪ'spaɪz/ v.轻视，鄙视；janitor /'dʒænɪtə/ n.看门人；shallow /'ʃæləʊ/ n. 浅滩
翻译
几个月前，一种迈向光辉未来的本能引领着他前往明尼苏达州南部路德教的小圣奥拉夫学院。他在那里只呆了两个星期，因为学院对他擂响的命运之鼓漠不关心，令他感到失望，并且他不屑为了赚取学费而做看门的工作。随后他又四处游荡，回到了苏必利尔湖，丹·科迪的游艇在浅滩上抛锚的那天，他正在寻思找点活儿干。


Cody was fifty years old then, a product of the Nevada silver fields, of the Yukon, of every rush for metal since 1875. The transactions in Montana copper that made him many times a millionaire found him physically robust but on the verge of soft-mindedness, and, suspecting this, an infinite number of women tried to separate him from his money. The none too savoury ramifications by which Ella Kaye, the newspaper woman, played Madame de Maintenon to his weakness and sent him to sea in a yacht, were common property of the turgid journalism of 1902. He had been coasting along all too hospitable shores for five years when he turned up as James Gatz's destiny in Little Girl Bay. (P63, Para.6~P64, Para.1)
剖析
1. “rush”本意是“急流”的意思，在文中“rush for metal”指“淘金热”。
2. 曼特农夫人，法国国王路易十四的情妇。
3. “The transactions… found him…”，这里的“found”表明结果。
4. “savoury”指“可口的、令人愉快的”，“ramification”有“结果、后果”的意思，“The none too savoury ramifications”即“令人不愉快的后果”，“by which”引导一个定语从句，后面是导致不愉快后果的原因。
5. “to his weakness”指“针对他的弱点”。
6. “turgid”指“浮夸的”，“turgid journalism”可以理解为“八卦报纸”。
词汇
transaction /træn'zækʃ(ə)n/ n.交易；copper /'kɒpə/ n. 铜；savoury /'seivəri/ adj.可口的，令人愉快的；ramification /ˌræmɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ n.结果，后果；turgid /'tɜːdʒɪd/ adj. 浮夸的
翻译
科迪当时五十岁，在内华达州挖过银矿，在育空地区淘过金，1875年以来的每一次淘金热中都可以看到他的身影。他在蒙大拿州的铜矿生意让他挣了好几百万，结果他身体很强健，头脑却几近糊涂。无数的女人对此有所觉察，她们都试图把钱从他这里拿走。那位叫埃拉·凯的女记者针对他的弱点扮演了曼特农夫人的角色，并把他哄上了出海的游艇，她那些不光彩的手段是1902年八卦报纸最爱刊登的内容。他沿着舒适宜人的海岸航行了五年，在驶入“少女湾”那一天，成了詹姆斯·盖兹命运的转折点。


To young Gatz, resting on his oars and looking up at the railed deck, that yacht represented all the beauty and glamour in the world… A few days later he took him to Duluth and bought him a blue coat, six pairs of white duck trousers, and a yachting cap. And when the Tuolomee left for the West Indies and the Barbary Coast Gatsby left too. ( P64, Para.2)
剖析
“duck trousers”指“帆布裤”。
词汇
oar /ɔː/ n.船桨；rail/reɪl/ v. 以横木围栏；glamour /'ɡlæmə/ n.魅力
翻译
年轻的盖兹，两手支在船桨上，抬头望着有围栏的甲板，觉得这艘游艇代表了世上所有的美丽和魅力……几天后科迪把他带到了德卢斯城，给他买了件蓝色的外套、六条白帆布裤和一顶游艇帽。在“托洛美号”启程前往西印度群岛和巴巴里海岸时，盖茨比也离开了。


He was employed in a vague personal capacity — while he remained with Cody he was in turn steward, mate, skipper, secretary and even jailor…The arrangement lasted five years, during which the boat went three times around the Continent. It might have lasted indefinitely except for the fact that Ella Kaye came on board one night in Boston and a week later Dan Cody inhospitably died. (P64, Para.3)
词汇
steward /'stjuːəd/ n.侍者；mate /meɪt/ n. 大副（职位仅低于船长的船舶驾驶员）；skipper /'skɪpə/ n.船长；jailor /'dʒeɪlə/ n.狱卒；indefinitely /ɪnˈdefɵnətlɪ/ adv.无限期地；inhospitably /in'hɔspitəbli/ adv. 冷淡地，荒凉地
翻译
在为科迪工作期间，他的职责不太明确——他先后做过侍者、助手、船长、秘书，甚至是狱卒……这种安排持续了五年，在此期间船绕着美洲大陆环游了三圈。这样的情况本有可能无限期地延续下去，但是是有一晚埃拉·凯在波士顿上了船，一个星期后科迪就黯淡地去世了。


I remember the portrait of him up in Gatsby's bedroom, a grey, florid man with a hard, empty face — the pioneer debauchee, who during one phase of American life brought back to the Eastern seaboard the savage violence of the frontier brothel and saloon. (P64, Para.4)
词汇
florid /'flɒrɪd/ adj.气色好的；debauchee /ˌdɪbɔː'tʃiː/ n.浪荡子； brothel /'brɒθ(ə)l/ n. 妓院


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