（带文稿）1118VOA：粮食生产对气候变化的影响【文末小测】

FILE - Cattle graze in a pasture against a backdrop of wind turbines near Vesper, Kan., in this 2015 photo.

Transcript

Most of the efforts aimed at reducing climate change center on reducing the use of fossil fuels. But a new study warns that pollution caused by the world’s food production system is also a major driver of rising temperatures on the planet.

The study found that if the world food system stays on its current growth path, it will produce nearly 1.4 trillion metric tons of greenhouse gases over the next 80 years.

That pollution is expected to come from fertilizers used in agriculture, mismanagedsoil, food waste and methane gas released from cows and other animals. Other causes include land-clearing operations and deforestation.

Cows graze in an enclosure near Frankfurt, Germany, as the sun rises for a sunny warm summer day on Sunday, Aug. 11, 2019. (AP Photo/Michael Probst)

Researchers from the University of Minnesota and the University of Oxford in Britain led the study, which recently appeared in the publication Science.

The researchers predict that even if fossil fuel emissions were halted now, emissions from the world food system would make it impossible to reach current international climate change targets. They say that emissions from food production alone could push world temperatures past 1.5 degrees Celsius by the middle of this century and above 2 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.

A main goal of the 2015 United Nations Paris Agreement on climate change is to keep rises in the Earth’s temperature during this century to between 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. The U.N. has said that in order to stay below the 1.5 Celsius level, emissions must fall at least 7.6 percent each year through 2030.

In this Friday Nov. 29, 2019, image, Plants grow with artificial lights and regulated climate conditions in greenhouses near Gouda, Netherlands, Friday, Nov. 29, 2019. (AP Photo/Peter Dejong)

The new study calls for immediate “improvements in farming practices, as well as changes in what we eat and how much food we waste,” to help reach the Paris Agreement goals.

Jason Hill is a professor of biosystems engineering at the University of Minnesota. He helped lead the study. He said in a statement that the research clearly demonstrates that food has a much greater effect on climate change than is widely known.

Hill also noted that fixing the problem would not require the world’s population to completely stop eating meat. “The whole world doesn’t have to give up meat for us to meet our climate goals,” he told the Associated Press. “We can eat better, healthier foods. We can improve how we grow foods. And we can waste less food.”

Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Cory Booker, center, D-N.J., tours the Three Square food bank Thursday, Dec. 19, 2019, in Las Vegas. (AP Photo/John Locher)

The researchers say such efforts are achievable and can also lead to many other improvements beyond controlling climate change. These include making humans healthier, reducing water pollution, improving air quality, preventing animal extinctions and improving farm profitability.

The study makes the following predictions:

A nearly complete change to a plant-rich diet around the world could cut nearly 650 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases.

If almost everyone ate the right number of calories based on age - around 2,100 calories a day for many adults - it would reduce emissions by about 410 billion metric tons.

This Friday, July 21, 2017 photo shows an irrigation system at a farm in Farmville, N.C. The system is used to spray hog waste onto nearby crops instead of using commercial fertilizers. (AP Photo/Gerry Broome)

If farming could reduce carbon levels - by using less fertilizer, managing soil better and doing better crop rotation - it would cut greenhouse gases by nearly 540 billion metric tons.

And if people wasted less food - at home, in restaurants or by getting it to people in poorer countries – emissions could be cut by about 360 billion metric tons.

I’m Bryan Lynn.

QUIZ【答案见下方词汇表后】

What does the story say about emissions from the use of fossil fuels?

A. It is about the same as the amount of pollution coming from agriculture.

B. Reducing fossil fuel use will have major benefits for food production.

C. It is not the only cause of rising temperatures on the planet.

D. Reducing the use of fossil fuels could put food production in danger.

What is the Paris Agreement’s goal to reduce climate change?

A. Reduce the Earth's temperature by no less than 1.5 to 2 degrees.

B. Completely end the use of fossil fuels by or before 2030.

C. Stop the Earth’s temperature from rising more than 1.5 to 2 degrees.

D. Decrease fossil fuel emissions by 7.6 percent by the year 2030.

What does the new study by the University of Minnesota and the University of Oxford recommend?

A. The study suggests improving how we grow food.

B. The study recommends eating healthier foods.

C. It advises changing how much food we waste.

D. The study recommends all of these changes.

What would have the greatest effect on reducing greenhouse gases?

A. Managing the soil

B. Eating the right number of calories

C. Eating a plant-rich diet

D. Wasting less food

Words in This Story

fossil fuel – n. a fuel, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, that is formed in the earth from dead plants or animals

greenhouse gas – n. relating to or caused by the warming of the Earth's atmosphere that is caused by air pollution

mismanage – v. to control or organize something badly

emission – n. the act of sending gas, heat or light out into the air

achievable – adj. able to be brought about or reached successfully

extinction – n. when a plant or animal completely dies out and disappears

calorie – n. a unit for measuring the amount of energy food provides

rotation – n. to regularly change the way a process is carried out

【CCDC】