一、关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)只能使用关系代词that的一些情况
①当先行词是不定代词all,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等时。
例句:你还有想要为自己说的事情吗?
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
②当先行词前面被the only,the very,the last,any,every,some,few,little,much,no,all等词修饰时。
例如:我们能做的唯一一件事就是给你一些钱
The only thing that we can do is give you some money.
③当先行词时形容词的最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
例句:这位我看过的最有趣的电影。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
④当先行词既有人又有物时。
例句:你知道他们正在谈论的人和物时。
Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about?
⑤当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
例如:正在哭的那个女孩是谁?
Who is the girl that is crying?
哪一辆自行车是你丢的?
Which is the bike that you lost?
(2) 只能使用关系代词which的情况
①Which可引导非限制性定语从句,代指前面整个句子或句子的部分内容,that则不能。
例句:他没通过数学考试,这令他父亲很生气。(代指前面整个句子)
He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.
②关系代词前有介词时。
例句:这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。
This is the place in which LuXun used to live.
③先行词后面有插入语时。
例句:这就是我向你提过的那个邮票,他有很高的价值。
Here is the stamps,as I have mentioned to you,is of great value.
④当先行词本身为that/those时
刚刚从你身边经过的是什么?
What’s that which passed you just now?
(3) 关系代词as引导的定语从句
①as引导限制性定语从句,在从句中可做主语,宾语和表语;既可以指人,也可以指物;构成the same...as,such...as,so...as等结构
例句:他是这样的一个人,总是乐于帮助别人。(作主语,指人)
He is such a man as is always ready to help others.
再例如:他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那么多书。(作宾语,指物)
They have never read so many books as I read last yaer.
②as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如,正像”,修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,可以放在句首,句中或句末。
例句:正如我们所料的那样,他回家晚了。
He came back home late,as we expected.
(4)as和which引导的非限制性定语从句区别
①as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以时整个主句又可以是主句的一部分。
例如:据报道,他已经完成了那个非常著名的实验。
As is reported,he has finished that very famous experiment.
例如:杰克很固执,弗兰克却不是这样。
Jack is stubborn,which/as Frank is not.
②as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可位于主句之前,之中和之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于从句之后。
③as引导从句是常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这,那”。
例如:我父亲禁止我看电视,这使我不高兴。
My father forbade me to watch TV,which made me unhappy.
英文歌曲:《All FallsDown》
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