2019年12月四级听力真题（第1套）— 短文理解

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Passage One

短文理解一

Analytical skills are our ability to understand and solve problems usinginformation we have available. These skills are extremely important for ourprofessional, social, and intellectual lives. What are the best ways to improvethem? One way is to expand your world view. Unfortunately, this takes time.Ultimately, it will help you better evaluate information and analyze differentideas and outcomes. Travelling is a great way to expand your world view,although it can be expensive.

An entertaining way of enhancing your analytical skills is to engage themby playing brain games. These are games that challenge you to think deeply andto develop your analytical skills. These games will get you used to thinking ina certain way. As a result, they will help improve your ability to think.However, opinions vary on whether video games are effective. The generalconsensus is that the best ones avoid mindless violence, and instead focus onstrategy and challenge us to solve problems and achieve broad goals.

Joining a debate or reading club or group is also a good idea. Thisprovides people with the opportunity to come together and discuss ideas,literature and problems. Groups like these will help you refine your analyticalskills and enable you to express yourself better. Any social group thatencourages free exchange of ideas and pursuit of knowledge is beneficial. Ithelps you to actively develop your analytical skills.

分析能力是我们利用现有信息理解和解决问题的能力。这些技能对我们的职业、社交和智力生活都极其重要。改善它们的最好方法是什么?一种方法是扩大你的世界观。不幸的是，这需要时间。最终，它将帮助你更好地评估信息和分析不同的想法和结果。旅行是一种扩展你的世界观的好方法，尽管它可能很贵。

提高你的分析能力的一个有趣的方法是通过玩益智游戏。这些游戏可以让你进行深入思考，培养你的分析能力。这些游戏会让你习惯以某种方式思考。因此，它们将有助于提高你的思考能力。然而，对于电子游戏是否有效，人们意见不一。普遍的共识是，最好的策略是避免盲目，而不是专注于战略和挑战我们解决问题和实现广泛的目标。

参加一个辩论或阅读俱乐部或小组也是一个好主意。这为人们提供了聚在一起讨论思想、文献和问题的机会。像这样的小组将帮助你精炼你的分析技能，使你能更好地表达自己。任何鼓励自由交流思想和追求知识的社会团体都是有益的。它帮助你积极地发展你的分析能力。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage youhave just heard.

根据你刚刚听到的短文回答问题16到18。

Question 16. What kind of ability do analyticalskills refer to in the passage?

问题16 短文提到的分析技巧指的是哪种能力?

Question 17. What does the passage say is anentertaining way of enhancing one’s analytical skills?

问题17 短文中提及的提高个人分析能力的一种有趣的方式是什么？

Question 18. What else does the speaker advisepeople to do to improve their analytical skills?

问题18 说话者还建议人们做什么来提高他们的分析技巧?

Passage Two

短文理解二

There’s an endless amount of scientific data proving that dogs can developstrong bonds with their owners. People aren’t kidding when they say they lovetheir dog or their dog loves them, but were rather ignorant about the nature ofthe relationships that form between dogs.

In an effort to understand the matter further, I spoke with doctor MarkBeckhoff a researcher and former professor of animal behavior. The doctor’sresponse to the question of whether or not dogs can fall in love like humans dowas a straight “Of course!”. He went on to say that if love is defined as along term commitment, meaning dogs seek one another out when they’re apart,they’re happy when they’re reunited, they protect one another, they feed oneanother, they raise their children together. Then, of course, dogs love eachother.

Now our furry friends don’t really experience romantic love, like in themovies, but they can form deep and lasting bonds with their fellow dogs as wellas humans. In fact, evidence shows that most dogs stay with one partner theirwhole lives. In actuality, love between dogs can be even more intimate thanhuman relationships.

When they interact, they aren’t afraid to smell each other and willexpress themselves clearly and honestly. Once again, it seems we have a lot tolearn from dogs.

有无数的科学数据证明狗可以和主人建立紧密的关系。当人们说他们爱他们的狗或狗爱他们的时候，他们不是在开玩笑，只是对狗狗们之间的关系本质却无所知晓。

为了进一步了解这个问题，我采访了马克·贝克霍夫博士，他是一名研究人员，也是前动物行为学教授。对于狗狗是否能像人类一样坠入爱河的问题，医生的回答是“当然!”他接着说，如果爱被定义为一种长期的承诺，那就意味着狗狗们在分开的时候会互相寻找，团聚的时候也会很开心，它们会保护彼此，喂养彼此，一起抚养孩子。当然，狗狗们也喜欢彼此。

虽然我们这些毛茸茸的朋友不会像电影里那样经历浪漫的爱情，但它们可以和自己的狗同胞以及人类建立深厚而持久的关系。事实上，有证据表明，大多数狗狗一生只和一个伴侣在一起。事实上，狗狗之间的爱甚至比与人类之间的关系还要亲密。

当他们交流的时候，他们不怕闻到对方的气味，并且会清楚诚实地表达自己。再一次，我们似乎有很多东西要向狗学习。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage youhave just heard.

根据你刚刚听到的短文回答问题19到21。

Question 19. What does the passage say we don’tknow much about?

问题19 这篇文章说了什么是我们不太了解的?

Question 20. What does Dr. Mark Beckhoff sayabout dogs?

问题20 关于狗狗，马克·贝克霍夫博士是怎么认为的?

Question 21. What does the speaker say aboutmost dogs?

问题21 关于大多数狗狗，说话者说了什么?

Passage Three

短文理解三

A piece of history has been found thanks to a boy tripping on a rare,1.2-million-year-old animal fossil. In November 2016, Jude Sparks, now 10, wason an outing with his family near their New Mexico home, when he tripped overwhat he thought was a cow bone. Now, researchers at New Mexico State Universityare preserving this discovery, which was identified as an ancient elephant-likeanimal Kyle Sparks, father of Jude, said he let his son decide what to do withthe fossil.

So Jude reached out to Peter Houde, a professor at new Mexico StateUniversity who had experience with the same type of fossil in the past. Thenext day Houde came out to see the fossil for himself. Houde told ABC News thathe was quite excited about the find. It was fortunate that the family didn’ttry to dig up the fossil because that could destroy the specimen; they did theright thing by calling someone who would know what to do.“It’s great for thecommunity, because now everybody can appreciate it," he added.

Houde and his fellow faculty members dug up the fossil in late May. Theyhope to return to the site with geologists for an additional search as therecould be more fossils near the site. Jude and his family had been invited bythe researchers to see the fossil being preserved at the university.

一个小男孩偶然发现了一具120万年前的稀有动物化石，从而揭开了一段历史。2016年11月，10岁的裘德·斯帕克斯(JudeSparks)和家人在新墨西哥州的家附近郊游时，被他以为是牛骨头的东西绊倒了。现在，新墨西哥州立大学的研究人员正在保存这一发现，它被确认为一种类似古代大象的动物。裘德的父亲凯尔·斯帕克斯说，他让儿子决定如何处理这块化石。

于是，裘德找到了新墨西哥州立大学的教授彼得·侯德，他曾经接触过同一类型的化石。第二天，侯德亲自出来看化石。Houde告诉ABC新闻，他对这个发现非常兴奋。幸运的是，这个家庭没有试图挖出化石，因为那样可能会破坏标本;他们给知道该怎么做的人打电话是对的。“这对社区很好，因为现在每个人都能欣赏它，”他补充道。

Houde和他的同事们在五月底挖出了这块化石。他们希望和地质学家一起回到遗址进行进一步的搜寻，因为遗址附近可能还有更多的化石。研究人员邀请裘德和他的家人参观保存在大学里的化石。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage youhave just heard.

根据你刚刚听到的短文回答问题22到25。

Question 22. What did the boy Jude Sparks thinkhe had discovered?

问题22男孩裘德·斯帕克斯认为他发现了什么?

Question 23. What are the researchers at NewMexico State University doing with the boy’s discovery?

问题23新墨西哥州立大学的研究人员对男孩的发现做了什么?

Question 24. What did professor Peter Houde saywhen interviewed by ABC News?

问题24 PeterHoude教授在接受ABC新闻采访时说了什么?

Question 25. What do the researchers plan to do?

问题25 研究人员计划做什么?