历年真题（一）

[02:52.68]M:What first spark your interest in sailing?

[02:55.36]W:It wasn't really a conscious decision.It all just kind of happened.

[03:00.87]I'm the youngest of the four in my family and I started sailing with my brothers and my parents.

[03:06.75]I began racing when I was ten or eleven with my brother.

[03:10.32]Then we moved up into bigger boats and started  helming, which was very exciting.

[03:15.53]M:What do you love about it?

[03:18.23]W:Everything, really.I love being outdoors and I love the freedom of just being able to jump in a boat and sail.

[03:25.58]But there are so many different parts of sailing.You have to concentrate on the tides and currents and weather.

[03:33.55]Just by sailing under a cloud, you will get more wind.There is a lot to learn about aerial dynamics.

[03:41.03]M:Where is your favorite place to sail?

[03:44.13]W:The west coast of Scotland where I grew up.

[03:47.34]I guess home is always your love, but it's definitely the most beautiful sailing I've ever done.

[03:54.66]It can also be the most dangerous because it's so tidal and the weather hits the coast there pretty badly.

[04:01.33]Second is New Zealand, particularly the North Island.

[04:05.65]I've sailed and cruised around there.That's beautiful.

[04:09.47]M:What was it like sailing on your own? Did you get lonely?

[04:13.63]W:Yes, I did sometimes.But it's quite funny because you are so busy all the time that days just disappear.

[04:21.06]You try to feed in as much as you can in daylight, and at night, you have to make everything secure.

[04:27.93]But if you get really lonely, you can always pick up the phone and speak to someone.

[04:32.90]M:What was the worst moment on the Around Alone race?

[04:37.46]W:Having to climb the mast on the second leg.

[04:40.88]I broke the main hauling yard, which is the rope that hauls the main sail at the top of the mast.

[04:47.40]It's snapped right at the top, so I had to go up and replace it.

[04:52.69]As you can imagine, at the top of the mast, the yacht's motion is really exaggerated.

[04:58.65]It's very dangerous and you don't want to go up there too often.

[05:02.86]M:Was there a time during the race when you thought you might not get back?

[05:07.67]W:A couple of times I thought: Why am I doing this?

[05:11.94]But there was never a time when I thought that's it—I'm fish food, having said that.

[05:18.36]There are so many moments when you get up a bit slack about fitting the safety harness because it's a real pain to keep moving alone.

[05:26.63]If you trip or follow over board, that's it.

[05:29.83]You are going to watch the boat sail off into the distance on autopilot.You either stay on the boat or you die.

[05:37.11]M:Do you ever get enough sleep sailing alone?

[05:40.72]W:You go into a state of exhaustion, so you sleep in bursts never more than 20 to 30 minutes at a time.

[05:49.34]In really rough weather, you just try to lie down for 10 minutes.

[05:53.60]You rarely sleep but your body somehow gets some energy back, because your life revolves around sailing,

[06:01.97]keeping the boat fast, navigating, eating, sleeping and it's a constant routine.

[06:08.44]You only spend a few minutes doing anything at a time.

[06:11.70]M:Would you do the Around Alone race again?

[06:15.17]W:No, I've done it once and I have proved to myself that I can.

[06:19.34]The problem is that it's a big chunk of your life and there' re so many other things I want to do,

[06:25.51]although I'm very lucky to be only 29 and have done the equivalent of a few around the world.

[07:51.47]As scientists predict the dawn of a new agricultural revolution,

[07:56.41]up to 50% of the industry's professionals are approaching retirement age.

[08:01.52]Employers say they are already losing some of their most senior staff,

[08:06.02]and in some cases have been forced to bring in staff from overseas to address the skills shortage.

[08:12.04]Professor Jim Gordan, the secretary of the Australian Council of Deans of Agriculture, says,

[08:19.13]coupled with declining university enrollments,

[08:21.48]the loss of senior agriculture professionals means Australia is seeing a brain drain when it is needed most.

[08:28.96]He also comments that a generation is coming to the end of their working life

[08:33.84]and there is a bit of a gap there in terms of their successors.

[08:37.16]That gap is pretty wide in terms of the availability replacements.

[08:41.21]For example, a number of universities have been trying to employ lecturers in agricultural economy and it's really,

[08:48.59]really hard to find people who are suitable.

[08:51.10]Earlier this month in a speech to international conference,

[08:54.46]the former Primary Industry's Minister John Kerin highlighted an urgent need to address this very alarming situation.

[09:02.77]He points out that government agricultural agencies are being cut down.

[09:07.30]Agricultural research development is lessening.

[09:10.20]Agricultural education is slimming down quite rapidly at tertiary level and physical infrastructure is being underinvested.

[09:17.95]This is at a time when we are facing unprecedented agricultural production and environmental challenges.

[09:23.81]The state and federal agricultural agencies agree that a mass of losses of senior professionals is potential scenario for the industry.

[09:32.79]When contacted by the media, the federal department for agriculture,

[09:36.66]fisheries and forestry and several state agencies said they were aware of the projection

[09:41.82]and had funding grands and graduate programs and place to address the situation.

[10:53.85]W:What big mistakes do consultants make?

[10:57.57]M:They charge by the hour.As a solo consultant you should only“bill on value”

[11:03.74]and you should only deal with an economic buyer—somebody who can write a check for you.

[11:09.18]Don't deal with a middleman.I used to think that most consultants were undercapitalized and that was their big problem.

[11:17.48]What I know now is that the main problem is self-esteem.It doesn't matter what their age, gender, or culture is.

[11:25.60]Most consultants do not see themselves as their clients' peers, but as subordinates.

[11:31.36]They are submissive and they come to the job head in hand.

[11:35.89]If you want to make six figures, you can't have that mentality.

[11:40.24]W:What is the challenge through the self-employed?

[11:43.95]M:Becoming self-employed as a consultant aggravates the problem most people have.

[11:49.18]When you work in a company,

[11:51.28]someone else can be the front man and you can hide and just poke your hand out when you have something you feel strong about it.

[11:58.58]When you rode on your own,

[12:00.39]the poor self-esteem issues rise to the surface

[12:03.81]and one third of people don't have good support systems among their spouses and friends.

[12:09.53]Instead of encouraging them, these people are saying: Go back to work.You are never going to make it on your own.

[12:16.71]W:What do you mean by“bill on value”?

[12:20.22]M:Get an agreement with the buyer on objectives and metrics.

[12:24.67]If you are going to help save the company a million dollars or improve their market position by 2.5 million dollars,

[12:31.96]you can get a 10% or better return, so you can make 100,000 or 250,000 dollars for those jobs.

[12:41.26]When you are talking to the right buyers, they don't blink these figures.

[12:46.14]Don't deal with a trainer or a HR person.Deal with the person who was authorized to spend that money.

[13:34.70]between two World Health Organization (WHO) officials about the importance of making hospitals safe in emergencies.

[14:10.53]W:A safe hospital is one that is able to withstand the emergencies, withstand floods,

[14:17.87]earthquakes and strong wind and continue to provide appropriate life-saving functions to protect people,

[14:24.89]to save life and limbs, to reduce the suffering of people from disasters.

[14:30.23]M:Emergencies in 2008 affected 211 million people worldwide and killed almost a quarter of a million.

[14:39.46]Health facilities also suffered.In China, 11,000 health facilities were damaged or destroyed in the 2008 earthquake.

[14:48.12]More than half of the 16,000 hospitals in Latin America and Caribbean are in areas of high risk for disasters.

[14:56.16]W:To commemorate world health day this year,

[14:59.39]WHO is advocating a series of best practices that can be implemented in any resource setting to make hospitals safe during emergencies.

[15:10.53]Apart from choosing a safe location for building health facilities and providing solid construction,

[15:17.50]good planning and carrying out emergency exercises in advance can help maintain critical functions.

[15:24.99]M:In some countries up to 80% of the health budget is spent on building hospitals and other health facilities.

[15:32.88]Rebuilding a hospital that has been destroyed virtually doubles the initial cost.

[15:37.59]Get a costs little to make existing hospitals function again in extreme events.

[15:43.41]W:Experience in Latin America and Caribbean shows that to put a damaged but structurally sound facility

[15:51.06]will cost no more than 1% of the hospital's budget but will protect up to 90% of that investment.

[15:59.05]M:Health facilities are vulnerable to other emergencies too.

[16:03.12]Armed conflicts often target health services and cut access to care as does poor preparation for disease outbreaks.

[16:11.74]Under investment, poor planning and construction

[16:15.06]and the absence of emergency planning as well as training prevent health facilities from doing their life-saving work.

[18:47.31]W:You have a set introduction for every show.

[18:50.46]Recite it for me and explain what it says about your regard for dirty jobs and manual labor.

[18:56.88]M:My name is Mike Rowe.And this is my job:

[19:01.49]I explore the country, looking for people who aren't afraid to get dirty,

[19:05.58]hard-working men and women who do the kinds of jobs that make civilized life possible for the rest of us.

[19:12.15]Now get ready to get dirty.That's the mission statement for the show.We are finding people

[19:18.93]who are doing work that most of us go out of our way to avoid.

[19:22.80]I spend a day with them as an apprentice, trying to keep up with them and have a few laughs.

[19:28.47]The success of the show, I believe, is a result to those underlining themes about work that we constantly come back to,

[19:35.81]not just because of the exploding toilets and misadventures in animal husbandry.

[19:40.67]W:There are a lot of things going on in your show.

[19:44.63]You introduce the audience to jobs that are unseen, even unknown,

[19:49.41]for the millions of Americans leading nice, clean, suburban lives.

[19:54.22]At the same time, you highlight the skill, the dignity, the humor of the people who do these jobs.

[20:01.05]Is it intentional that you have those dual themes?

[20:04.87]M:It was very deliberate.The show started as a small segment on a local show in San Francisco.

[20:11.50]I was able to experiment quite a bit with what audiences responded to before I ever took the program to a network.

[20:18.29]I learned from doing these smaller profiles that there was a real mix between the interest the audience

[20:24.55]would have in the job itself and in the people who are performing the work.

[20:28.70]There is no dignity in work alone.The dignity is in the people.

[20:33.73]You can't do a show about work that highlights the good parts of it

[20:37.15]unless you also include a show about people that highlights the good parts of them.

[20:42.41]W:How many different dirty jobs have you done since the show has been on? And can you give me a list?

[20:49.49]M:I finished my 200th a couple of months ago.We are now in the fourth season of the show and when we began,

[20:57.16]the intention was to do 12 programs, 12 jobs.

[21:00.69]I ran out of ideas around 50, and ever since, we've turned the programming of the show over to the viewers.

[21:07.37]Most of the ideas come in from people who actually watch the show.

[21:11.34]W:I heard you say on the program once,“As my grandfather said, never trust a fellow with clean shoes.”

[21:19.62]Did he really say that? What did he do?

[21:23.03]M:My grandfather is the reason Dirty Job is on the air.

[21:27.39]He had a seventh-grade education but was one of those fellows born hard-wired with an innate understanding of construction and technical trades.

[21:36.06]He built my first car.He built the house I was born in without a blueprint.

[21:41.13]By the time he was 50, he was a master plumber, master electrician, a bricklayer, a stone mason.

[21:48.01]At the base of his brain, he just knew how stuff worked mechanically and technically.I didn't get that gene.

[21:55.29]W：You've been an actor, a singer, a TV performer , all pretty clean jobs.

[22:02.06]When you are the age of deciding what to be when you grew up, did you make a conscious choice to get a clean job?

[22:10.04]M:I made a deliberate choice when I was 18 years old.

[22:14.16]My grandfather lived right next door to us, and he was as present in my life as my dad.

[22:20.28]I couldn't do all the things that my grandfather could do.

[22:23.69]I had an appreciation and respect for the kind of work he did,

[22:27.60]but I decided to go as far from it as I could and try and find something that came as easily to me as construction came to him.

[22:35.94]W:You also had said on the show that some of the happiest people you've ever met go home every day smelling bad

[22:44.02]because they work with stuff like sewage and garbage.

[22:47.25]Are you saying that workers you meet in dirty jobs are generally happier people than you meet in cleaner professions?

[22:54.35]M:It's a generalization, but I'll stand by it.Happiness is a tough, subjective thing to define.

[23:01.68]But I will say that after a couple hundred of these experiences, the thing I find is balance in the lives of people I've met.

[23:09.00]People with dirty jobs have a balance in their lives that I don't see in my friends who are actuarial accountants and investment bankers.

[23:18.13]They start their day clean; they wind up coming home dirty, but somehow, they seem to be having a better time than the rest of us.

[23:29.12]Now you're going to hear the interview the second time.

[23:33.08]W:You have a set introduction for every show.

[23:36.04]Recite it for me and explain what it says about your regard for dirty jobs and manual labor.

[23:42.33]M:My name is Mike Rowe.And this is my job:

[23:46.81]I explore the country, looking for people who aren't afraid to get dirty,

[23:51.09]hard-working men and women who do the kinds of jobs that make civilized life possible for the rest of us.

[23:57.53]Now get ready to get dirty.That's the mission statement for the show.

[24:03.09]We are finding people who are doing work that most of us go out of our way to avoid.

[24:08.13]I spend a day with them as an apprentice, trying to keep up with them and have a few laughs.

[24:13.75]The success of the show, I believe, is a result to those underlining themes about work that we constantly come back to,

[24:21.18]not just because of the exploding toilets and misadventures in animal husbandry.

[24:26.25]W:There are a lot of things going on in your show.

[24:29.86]You introduce the audience to jobs that are unseen, even unknown,

[24:34.68]for the millions of Americans leading nice, clean, suburban lives.

[24:39.48]At the same time, you highlight the skill, the dignity, the humor of the people who do these jobs.

[24:46.71]Is it intentional that you have those dual themes?

[24:50.52]M:It was very deliberate.The show started as a small segment on a local show in San Francisco.

[24:57.06]I was able to experiment quite a bit with what audiences responded to before I ever took the program to a network.

[25:03.83]I learned from doing these smaller profiles that there was a real mix between the interest the audience

[25:10.06]would have in the job itself and in the people who are performing the work.

[25:14.46]There is no dignity in work alone.The dignity is in the people.

[25:19.36]You can't do a show about work that highlights the good parts of it

[25:22.48]unless you also include a show about people that highlights the good parts of them.

[25:28.19]W:How many different dirty jobs have you done since the show has been on? And can you give me a list?

[25:35.06]M:I finished my 200th a couple of months ago.

[25:38.89]We are now in the fourth season of the show and when we began, the intention was to do 12 programs, 12 jobs.

[25:46.36]I ran out of ideas around 50, and ever since, we've turned the programming of the show over to the viewers.

[25:53.05]Most of the ideas come in from people who actually watch the show.

[25:57.05]W:I heard you say on the program once,“As my grandfather said, never trust a fellow with clean shoes.”

[26:05.13]Did he really say that? What did he do?

[26:08.55]M:My grandfather is the reason Dirty Job is on the air.

[26:12.56]He had a seventh-grade education but was one of those fellows born hard-wired with an innate understanding of construction and technical trades.

[26:21.54]He built my first car.He built the house I was born in without a blueprint.

[26:26.70]By the time he was 50, he was a master plumber, master electrician, a bricklayer, a stone mason.

[26:33.58]At the base of his brain, he just knew how stuff worked mechanically and technically.I didn't get that gene.

[26:40.76]W：You've been an actor, a singer, a TV performer , all pretty clean jobs.

[26:47.72]When you are the age of deciding what to be when you grew up, did you make a conscious choice to get a clean job?

[26:55.55]M:I made a deliberate choice when I was 18 years old.

[26:59.83]My grandfather lived right next door to us, and he was as present in my life as my dad.

[27:05.89]I couldn't do all the things that my grandfather could do.

[27:09.16]I had an appreciation and respect for the kind of work he did,

[27:13.17]but I decided to go as far from it as I could and try and find something that came as easily to me as construction came to him.

[27:21.67]W:You also had said on the show that some of the happiest people you've ever met go home every day smelling bad

[27:29.52]because they work with stuff like sewage and garbage.

[27:32.69]Are you saying that workers you meet in dirty jobs are generally happier people than you meet in cleaner professions?

[27:40.80]M:It's a generalization, but I'll stand by it.Happiness is a tough, subjective thing to define.

[27:47.70]But I will say that after a couple hundred of these experiences, the thing I find is balance in the lives of people I've met.

[27:55.22]People with dirty jobs have a balance in their lives that I don't see in my friends who are actuarial accountants and investment bankers.

[28:04.01]They start their day clean; they wind up coming home dirty, but somehow, they seem to be having a better time than the rest of us.