写在前面:刘震云编剧的《手机》里有句话,“别打开那匣子(手机),打开那匣子你魂都不安了。”
我们每天都在使用手机,手机成为我们与世界联系的重要工具。然而,手机使用不当,也会带来大麻烦。今天的文章作者引用了一份美国《国家安全报告》,该报告显示,从2000年到2011年,涉及手机的走神事故估计造成了11,101人受伤。对此,作者抱有何种观点呢?此外,文章中有很多有意思的词组,也值得学习。
原文阅读,
Passage Four
1. Experts say distracted walking is a growing problem, as people of all ages become more dependent on electronic devices
for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US deaths involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.
专家表示,走路时分心是一个日益严重的问题,因为各个年龄段的人在处理个人和职业事务时都越来越依赖电子设备。他们还指出,近年来行人死亡人数不断上升。2005年,美国11%的死亡事件与行人有关,但2014年这一数字上升到了15%。
2. The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year.
死亡人数上升的同时,各州也出台了针对行人的法案。一些州,如夏威夷、阿肯色、伊利诺斯、内华达和纽约,每年都继续设立法规。
3. The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assembly woman Pamela Lampitt would ban walking while texting and prohibit pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-free. Violators would face fines of up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both, which is the same penalty as jaywalking. Half of the fine would be allocated to safety education about the dangers of walking while texting, said Lampitt.
新泽西州议会女议员帕梅拉·兰姆皮特最近提出的这项措施将禁止走路时发短信,并禁止行人在公共道路上使用电子通讯设备,除非他们是免提的。违规者将面临最高50美元的罚款、15天的监禁或两者兼而有之,这与乱穿马路的处罚相同。兰姆皮特说,罚款的一半将用于对边走边发短信的危险进行安全教育。
4. Some see the proposal as an unnecessary government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt's reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. "Distracted pedestrians, like distracted drivers, present a potential danger to themselves and drivers on the road, "
Lampitt said. "An individual crossing the road distracted by their smartphone presents just as much danger to motorists as someone jaywalking and should be held, at minimum, to the same penalty."
一些人认为这个提议是不必要的政府越权,而另一些人说他们理解兰姆皮特的理由。但大多数人认为,人们需要意识到这个问题。“分心的行人,就像分心的司机一样,对他们自己和道路上的司机构成潜在的危险,”Lampitt说。“一个人在过马路时被智能手机分心,这和乱穿马路的人对开车者造成的危险是一样的,至少应该受到同样的处罚。”
5. The main question raised about the measure, though, is whether it can be enforced consistently by police officers who
usually have more pressing matters to deal with. Some feel that rather than imposing a new law, the state should focus on distracted-walking education. Lampitt said the measure was needed to stop and penalize"risky behavior". She cited a National Safety report that showed distracted-walking incidents involving cellphones accounted for an estimated 11,101 injuries from 2000 to 2011.
不过,人们对这项措施提出的主要问题是,它能否得到警察的一致执行,因为他们通常有更紧迫的事情要处理。一些人认为,与其实施新的法律,国家应该把注意力放在分散注意力的步行教育上。兰姆皮特表示,有必要采取措施制止和惩罚“危险行为”。她引用了一份《国家安全报告》,该报告显示,从2000年到2011年,涉及手机的走神事故估计造成了11,101人受伤。
6. The study found a majority of those injured were female and most were 40 or younger. Talking on the phone was the most prevalent activity at the time of injury, while texting accounted for 12%. Nearly 80% of the injuries occurred as the result of a fall, while 9% occurred from the pedestrian striking a motionless object.
研究发现,大部分伤者为女性,年龄大多在40岁以下。在受伤时,打电话是最普遍的活动,而发短信占12%。近80%的伤害是由于跌倒造成的,而9%是由于行人撞到静止的物体造成的。
段落讲解,
1,提示句:Experts say distracted walking is a growing problem, 专家表示,走路时分心是一个日益严重的问题。
2,关键词:
distracted walking :走路时分心
electronic devices:电子设备
pedestrian deaths:行人死亡
The rise in deaths:死亡人数的上升
coincides with:同时发生
introducing bills:推出法案
introduce legislation:推出法规
The measure recently introduced :最近出台的措施
Violators :违禁者
15-day imprisonment :15天监禁
penalty as jaywalking:处罚乱穿马路者
Half of the fine:罚款的一半
government overreach:政府贪功致败
be made aware of :意识到
potential danger :潜在危险
motorists:汽车司机
be enforced consistently:持续执行
imposing a new law:强制实施一项新法律
distracted-walking education:走路分神教育
penalize"risky behavior":惩罚“危险行为”
cited a National Safety report:引用国家安全报告
accounted for:占用
estimated :估计的
the most prevalent activity :最普遍的活动
occurred from :发生在...
the pedestrian striking a motionless object:行人撞上一个静止的物体
3,主旨句: But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. "Distracted pedestrians, like distracted drivers, present a potential danger to themselves and drivers on the road, " 但,大多数人认为,人们需要意识到这个问题。“分心的行人,就像分心的司机一样,对他们自己和道路上的司机构成潜在的危险,”
4,阅读体会:更高级的写作技巧。
本文的主旨句出现在中部。这跟一般的文章显然不同,它是一种另外的写作技巧,更高级的写作技巧。
文章开始就提出走路分心是一个严重的问题。这个论点是他一开始的论点,而且后面有大量的数据支持。作者接着阐述的时候,用政府设立法案法规,提出处罚措施,民众争议来深化讨论。
自然而然引出真正的议题,就是大多数人认为(包括作者),人们需要意识到走路分心者是潜在的危险,后者必须接受处罚。
这个真正的论点出现在文章的中部,后面是处罚实施起来的一些困难,但作者坚持认为, The measure was needed to stop and penalize"risky behavior". 因为涉及手机走神事故造成了严重的伤害。在最后一段作者指出,打电话引起走路分心的几种伤害特征。这些证据完善了中心论点。
分析了作者这样层层深化,步步上升的论述过程,我们不得不承认,这是一种更高级的写作技巧。
答案精解,
36. This passage is mainly concerned with.(这篇文章主要是关于——)
A. the difficulty in enforcing road regulations(实施道路法规的困难)
B. rising deaths caused by distracted walking(因走路分心而导致的死亡人数上升)
C. the dangers of jaywalking on busy streets(在繁忙的街道上乱穿马路的危险)
D. distracted walking involving smartphones(走路时玩智能手机分心)
答案:B,
定位:第一段;Experts say distracted walking is a growing problem...They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years.专家表示,走路时分心是一个日益严重的问题...他们还指出,近年来行人死亡人数不断上升。
分析:定位加分析题。 题干中 mainly concerned with,是指本文主要关于,涉及,关心的问题,多与提示句有关。答案A,文中根本未深入。答案B,提示句的意思,最后也有阐释。答案C,只是对比提及。答案D,只是一个分论点和举例。因此选B。B是核心论点。从现象提炼出核心论点,是英语思维的重要特点,本题就是很好的例子。
37. The states introducing bills that target pedestrians.(制定针对行人的法案的那些州——)
A. have benefited from the bills(从这些法案中受益)
B. find it hard to carry them out(发现很难执行它们)
C. have been promoting the legislation(一直在推动设立法规)
D. will have fewer deaths of pedestrians(行人死亡将会减少)
答案:C,
定位:第二段,The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year.死亡人数上升的同时,各州也出台了针对行人的法案。一些州,如夏威夷、阿肯色、伊利诺斯、内华达和纽约,每年都继续设立法规。
分析:细节题。通过阅读我们发现,A,B,D这些答案本文都没深入讨论。而题目问的是那些推出法案的州的做法,作者显然已经回答了,就是继续设立更多的法规。因此选C。
38. According to the measure proposed by Lampitt, walking while texting would.(根据Lampitt提出的措施,边走边发短信将会——)
A. become illegal(成为非法)
B. involve safety education(包括安全教育)
C. be blamed publicly(被公开谴责)
D. incur a fine of over $50(引致超过50美元的罚款)
答案:A,
定位:第三段,Violators would face fines of up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both...违规者将面临最高50美元的罚款、15天的监禁或两者兼而有之....
分析:细节题。事实题。Violators:违规者;第三段接着解释了防止走路分心提出的措施。因此走路发短信是一种违规行为,那么A符合题意。答案B并不是直接的措施,而是罚款的用途。也就是说,违法者不是直接去接受教育(这种教育应该是在日常中接受)。答案C未提及。答案D范围界定错误。因此答案A是正确的。
39. Lampitt reasons that distracted pedestrians are as dangerous as.(兰姆皮特认为分心的行人和怎样的行为一样危险。)
A. motorists(开车的人)
B. speeding drivers(超速的司机)
C. jaywalkers(乱穿马路的人)
D. drunk drivers(酒后开车)
答案:C,
定位:第四段,"An individual crossing the road distracted by their smartphone presents just as much danger to motorists as someone jaywalking and should be held, at minimum, to the same penalty."“一个人在过马路时被智能手机分心,这和乱穿马路的人对开车者造成的危险是一样的,至少应该受到同样的处罚。”
分析:细节题。直接选C,注意本句中,as much danger to motorists,是指 jaywalking的行为对开车者有危险,而不是相反。
40. Which of the following would the author of the passage most probably agree with?(这篇文章的作者最可能同意下列哪一项?)
A. Males are more vulnerable to distracted-walking injuries(男性更容易受到走神的伤害)
B. Police officers are unhappy with the proposed law.(警察对提议的法律不满意。)
C. Safety education is more important than penalty(安全教育比惩罚更重要)
D. Rising distracted-walking incidents call for real attention.(越来越多的走神事件需要真正的关注)
答案:D,
定位:第四段,But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. 但大多数人认为,人们需要意识到这个问题。
分析:细节判断题,选项A,B,C,这些观点作者都没写。因此不会赞同。只有D接近作者的观点。
后记:每天都有进步
相信经过这几天坚持阅读,大家可以发现自己明显的进步。其实,这些文章大多来自于《卫报》、《时代周刊》、《经济学人》等杂志。
在西方近代理性文明的背景上,法兰克福学派哲学家卢卡奇认为,我们处在物化的社会中。他说,世界的这种表面上彻底的合理化,渗进了人的肉体和心灵的最深处,在它自己的合理性具有形式特征时,达到了自己的极限。在物化的社会中,我们何不暂时放下手机,迎接真实美丽的世界呢?
每日一句:And those who follow the path of the righteous, shall have their reward.
心存正义者,必有奖赏。
@虫叔说,理性地学英语,读美文看世界。
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