Unit02-DUC-DUCT-female

公众号：分享给你我生活

关注公众号“分享给你我生活”，回复“韦小绿”，获取本书电子版，音频为小Kuu手动转化，如果有错误的地方，欢迎大家指出。

DUC/DUCT, from theLatin verb ducere, “to lead,” shows up regularly in English. Duke meansbasically “leader.” The Italian dictator Mussolini was known simply as Il Duce,“the leader.” But such words as produce and reduce also contain the root, eventhough their meanings show it less clearly.

DUC/DUCT，源自拉丁语动词 ducere，意思是“领导（to lead）”，经常出现在英语中。例如，duke 的基本意思是“领袖”。意大利独裁者（dictator）墨索里尼被称为“领袖”。但像 produce 和 reduce 这样的词也含有这个词根，尽管这些词汇的意思并不太清楚。

conducive：Tendingto promote, encourage, or assist; helpful.

• She found theatmosphere in the quiet café conducive to study and even to creative thinking.

她发现安静的咖啡馆有利于学习，甚至有利于创造性思维。

Something conducive“leads to” a desirable result. A cozy living room may be conducive to relaxedconversation, just as a boardroom may be conducive to more intense discussions.Particular tax policies are often conducive to savings and investment, whereasothers are conducive to consumer spending.

Notice thatconducive is almost always followed by to.

一些有益的事情会导致一个理想的结果。舒适的客厅可能有助于轻松的交谈，就像会议室可能有助于更激烈的讨论一样。特定的税收政策往往有利于储蓄和投资，而其他政策则有利于消费者支出。

deduction  (1) Subtraction. (2) The reaching of aconclusion by reasoning.

• Foretelling thefuture by deduction based on a political or economic theory has proved to beextremely difficult.

通过基于政治或经济理论的推论来预测未来被证明过是极其困难的。

To deduct is simplyto subtract. A tax deduction is a subtraction from your taxable income allowedby the government for certain expenses, which will result in your paying lowertaxes. Your insurance deductible is the amount of a medical bill that the insurancecompany makes you subtract before it starts to pay—in other words, the amountthat will come out of your own pocket.

扣税是指从你的应纳税收入中扣除一定的费用，这将使你支付更低的税。你的保险可扣除部分是保险公司让你在开始支付之前扣除的医疗费用。换句话来说，就是你自己掏腰包的部分。

But deduction alsomeans “reasoning,” and particularly reasoning based on general principles toproduce specific findings. Mathematical reasoning is almost always deduction,for instance, since it is based on general rules. But when Dr. Watson exclaims“Brilliant deduction, my dear Holmes!” he simply means “brilliant reasoning,”since Sherlock Holmes's solutions are based on specific details he has noticedrather than on general principles.

但 deduction 还有“推理”的意思，尤其是基于一般原则的推理，以产生特定的结果。例如，数学推理几乎一直在推理，因为它是基于一般规则的。担当华生惊呼道：“亲爱的福尔摩斯，你的推理真高明！”他的意思仅仅是“绝妙的推理”，因为夏洛克·福尔摩斯的解决方案是基于他所注意到的具体细节，而不是基于一般的原则。

induce  (1) Persuade, influence. (2) Bring about.

• To induce him tomake the call we had to promise we wouldn't do it again.

为了说服他打电话，我们不得不承诺不再这样做。

Inducing is usuallygentle persuasion; you may, for instance, induce a friend to go to a concert,or induce a child to stop crying. An inducement is something that might lureyou to do something, though inducements are occasionally a bit menacing, like the Godfather's offer that youcan't refuse.

诱导通常是温和的劝说；例如，你可以劝诱一个朋友去听音乐会，或者劝诱一个孩子停止哭泣。inducement（诱因）是指可能会引诱你去做某事的东西，尽管诱因有时有点威胁性，就像你无法拒绝教父的提议一样。

Induce alsosometimes means “produce”; thus, doctors must at times induce labor in apregnant woman. Notice that induct and induction are somewhat different frominduce and inducement, though they come from the identical roots.

Induce 有时候也表示“产生”的意思；因此，医生有时候必须给孕妇引产（induce）。注意，induct 和 induction 与 induce 和 inducement 不同，尽管它们来自相同的词根。

seduction  (1) Temptation to sin, especially temptationto sexual intercourse. (2) Attraction or charm.

• The company beganits campaign of seduction of the smaller firm by inviting its top management toa series of weekends at expensive resorts.

该公司通过邀请其高层管理人员参加一系列在昂贵度假胜地的周末活动，开始了对较小公司高级职员的挖角行动。

Seduction, with itsprefix se-, “aside,” means basically “lead aside or astray.”In Hawthorne'snovel The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is forced to wear a large scarlet A,for “adulteress,” after it is revealed that she's been seduced by the ReverendDimmesdale. Seduction also takes less physical forms.

Seduction 前缀 se-，基本意思是“把某人引入歧途”。在霍桑的小说《红字》中，海斯特·白兰在被揭露出受丁梅斯代尔牧师的引诱之后，被迫穿上了一个大大的猩红色的 a 字，代表“通奸”。

Advertisementsconstantly try to seduce us (often using sex as a temptation) into buyingproducts we hadn't even known existed.

广告不断试图引诱我们（经常用性作为诱惑）购买我们甚至不知道存在的产品。