Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and as if he were not able to speak.
孔子于乡党,恂恂如也,似不能言者;
When he was in the princes ancestral temple, or in the court, he spoke minutely on everypoint, but cautiously.
其在宗庙朝庭,便便言,唯谨尔。
When he was waiting at court, in speaking with the great officers of the lower grade, he spokefreely, but in a straightforward manner;
朝,与下大夫言,侃侃如也;
in speaking with those of the higher grade, he did so blandly, but precisely.
与上大夫言,訚訚如也。
When the ruler was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness; it was grave, butself-possessed.
君在,踧踖如也,与与如也。
When the prince called him to employ him in the reception of a visitor, his countenanceappeared to change, and his legs to move forward with difficulty.
君召使摈,色勃如也,足躩如也。
He inclined himself to the other officers among whom he stood, moving his left or right arm, astheir position required, but keeping the skirts of his robe before and behind evenly adjusted.
揖所与立,左右手,衣前后襜如也。
He hastened forward, with his arms like the wings of a bird. When the guest had retired, hewould report to the prince, "The visitor is not turning round any more."
趋进,翼如也。宾退,必复命曰:“宾不顾矣。”
When he entered the palace gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if it were not sufficient toadmit him.
入公门,鞠躬如也,如不容。
When he was standing, he did not occupy the middle of the gateway; when he passed in orout, he did not tread upon the threshold.
立不中门,行不履阈。
When he was passing the vacant place of the prince, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words came as if he hardly had breath to utter them.
过位,色勃如也,足躩如也,其言似不足者。
He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both his hands, and his body bent; holding in his breath also, as if he dared not breathe.
摄齐升堂,鞠躬如也,屏气似不息者。
When he came out from the audience, as soon as he had descended one step, he began torelax his countenance, and had a satisfied look.
出,降一等,逞颜色,怡怡如也;
When he had got the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his place, with his arms likewings, and on occupying it, his manner still showed respectful uneasiness.
没阶,趋进,翼如也;复其位,踧踖如也。
When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his body, as if he were notable to bear its weight.
执圭,鞠躬如也,如不胜。
He did not hold it higher than the position of the hands in making a bow, nor lower than theirposition in giving anything to another.
上如揖,下如授。
His countenance seemed to change, and look apprehensive, and he dragged his feet alongas if they were held by something to the ground.
勃如战色,足蹜蹜如有循。
In presenting the presents with which he was charged, he wore a placid appearance.
享礼,有容色。
At his private audience, he looked highly pleased.
私觌,愉愉如也。
The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce color, in the ornaments of his dress. Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish color.
君子不以绀緅饰,红紫不以为亵服。
In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he wore itdisplayed over an inner garment.
当暑袗絺绤,必表而出之。
Over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn's fur one of white; and over fox's furone of yellow.
缁衣羔裘,素衣麑裘,黄衣狐裘。
The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short.
亵裘长,短右袂。
He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body.
必有寝衣,长一身有半。
When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger.
狐貉之厚以居。
When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle.
去丧,无所不佩。
His undergarment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape, was made of silkcut narrow above and wide below.
非帷裳,必杀之。
He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap on a visit of condolence.
羔裘玄冠不以吊。
On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court.
吉月,必朝服而朝。
When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean and made of linencloth.
齐,必有明衣,布。
When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also to change the place wherehe commonly sat in the apartment.
齐必变食,居必迁坐。
He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his mince meat cut quite small.
食不厌精,脍不厌细。
He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or fleshwhich was gone.
食饐而餲,鱼馁而肉败,不食;
He did not eat what was discolored, or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season.
色恶,不食;臭恶,不食;失饪,不食;不时,不食;
He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce.
割不正,不食;不得其酱,不食。
Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceedthe due proportion for the rice.
肉虽多,不使胜食气。
He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market.
沽酒市脯,不食。
He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much.
不撤姜食,不多食。
When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which hereceived overnight.
祭于公,不宿肉。
The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days, If kept over three days, people could not eat it.
祭肉不出三日,出三日不食之矣。
When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak.
食不语,寝不言。
Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it insacrifice with a grave, respectful air.
虽疏食菜羹,必祭,必齐如也。
If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it.
席不正,不坐。
When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he alsowent out immediately after.
乡人饮酒,杖者出,斯出矣。
When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, heput on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.
乡人傩,朝服而立于阼阶。
When he was sending complimentary inquiries to any one in another state, he bowed twice ashe escorted the messenger away.
问人于他邦,再拜而送之。
Chi K'ang having sent him a present of physic, he bowed and received it. saying, "I do not knowit, I dare not taste it."
康子馈药,拜而受之。曰:“丘未达,不敢尝。”
The stable being burned down, when he was at court, on his return he said, "Has any manbeen hurt?" He did not ask about the horses.
厩焚,子退朝,曰:“伤人乎?”不问马。
When the prince sent him a gift of cooked meat, he would adjust his mat, first taste it, and thengive it away to others;
君赐食,必正席先尝之;
When the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat, he would have it cooked, and offer it to thespirits of his ancestors;
君赐腥,必熟而荐之;
When the prince sent him a gift of a living animal, he would keep it alive.
君赐生,必畜之。
When he was in attendance on the prince and joining in the entertainment, the prince onlysacrificed, He first tasted everything.
侍食于君,君祭,先饭。
When he was ill and the prince came to visit him, he had his head to the east, made his courtrobes be spread over him, and drew his girdle across them.
疾,君视之,东首,加朝服,拖绅。
When the prince's order called him, without waiting for his carriage to be yoked, he went atonce.
君命召,不俟驾行矣。
When he entered the ancestral temple of the state, he asked about everything.
入太庙,每事问。
When any of his friends died, if had no relations, so could be depended on for the necessaryoffices, he would say, "I will bury him."
朋友死,无所归,曰:“于我殡。”
When a friend sent him a present, though it might be a carriage and horses, he did not bow, The only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice.
朋友之馈,虽车马,非祭肉,不拜。
In bed, he did not lie like a corpse, At home, he did not put on any formal deportment.
寝不尸,居不客。
When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance, he wouldchange countenance;
见齐衰者,虽狎,必变;
when he saw any one wearing the cap of full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in hisundress, he would salute him in a ceremonious manner.
见冕者与瞽者,虽亵,必以貌。
To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his carriage, he bowed in thesame way to any one bearing the tables of population.
凶服者式之,式负版者。
When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions set beforehim, he would change countenance and rise up.
有盛馔,必变色而作。
On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.
迅雷风烈,必变。
When he was about to mount his carriage, he would stand straight, holding the cord.
升车,必正立,执绥。
When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round, he did not talk hastily, hedid not point with his hands.
车中不内顾,不疾言,不亲指。
Seeing the countenance, it instantly rises, It flies round, and by and by settles.
色斯举矣,翔而后集。
The Master said, "There is the hen-pheasant on the hill bridge, At its season! At its season!" Tsze-lu made a motion to it, Thrice it smelt him and then rose.
曰:“山梁雌雉,时哉时哉!”子路共之,三嗅而作。
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