【原版杂志阅读】Day 11 : 《英国电讯报》A world that...

讲义片段：

A world that gives Bob Dylan a Nobel Prize is a worldthat nominates Trump for president

Bob Dylan has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Why not? If the Nobel Committees can give apeace prize to Henry Kissinger then it can give a literature prize to aman who hasn’t written any literature.

Where that all ends, I don’t know. Perhapsa Nobel Prize in 2025 being awarded to Donald Trump for lyrical tweeting.

This is not a question of taste. Bob Dylan is a greatfolk artist, maybe the greatest alive. But the Nobel is supposed to be awardednot on the basis of what the public likes (if it were, Doris Lessingwouldn’t have won it) but on ability matched by idealism. Dylan has both, buthis body of work falls far short of that produced by past winners: Yeats,Gide, O’Neill, Solzhenitsyn etc. The scale of their output and the thematicdensity of their texts outstrips Dylan by light years. He is a dim starstrumming a guitar; they are suns around which we orbit. We are lucky enough tolive among them today.

If the Committee wanted an American then it could havechosen Don DeLillo, Philip Roth or even – why not? – Thomas Pynchon. Itdid not have to make this choice. So why did it? Nostalgia. Politics. Toplease the crowd. To name someone who would shatter the Committee’s reputationfor intellectual snobbery – a reputation that it only has among thoseuninterested in literature. It’s like worrying that the Davis Cup is tooclosely associated with tennis. And if popularising the prize is the aim, thenwhy not Leonard Cohen or Paul McCartney? Why not Debbie Harry, who crazy folkthink invented rap? Moreover, why popularise a prize which isn’t electedbut chosen by the knowledgeable on the basis of achievement? This is the NobelPrize for Literature. Not Sweden’s Got Talent.

一、  词汇部分

1.       nominate/ˈnɑː.mə.neɪt/ v. 提名

英文释义：to officially suggest someone for an election, job, position, or honour

l   词汇助记：

1）词根：nomin- 名字

2）后缀：-ate 动词后缀

3）扩展：nominee 被提名者

2.       thematic /θiːˈmæt̬.ɪk/ adj. 主题的

英文释义：relating to or based on subjects or a theme:

l   词汇助记：

1）词汇：theme 主题

2）后缀：-atic 复合后缀

3.       outstrip/ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/ v. 超过，在…做的更好

英文释义：

to be or become greater in amount, degree,or success than something or someone:

l   词汇助记：

1）前缀：out- 超过

2）词素：str- 理解为street

3）对比：outstrip/ hip/lip

4.       Nostalgia/nɑːˈstæl.dʒə/ n. 怀旧

 英文释义：a feeling of pleasure and also slight sadness whenyou think about things that happened in the past:

l   词汇助记：

1）词根：nost- 家，来自nest 窝

2）词根：alg- 疼

3）后缀：-ia 名词后缀

4）扩展：insomnia 失眠

5.       shatter/ˈʃæt̬.ɚ/ v. 打破，粉碎

英文释义：to (cause somethingto) break suddenly into very small pieces:

l   词汇助记：连想法

shatter—sha 杀 ＋ tt 它它 ＋(g)er 个——杀它个片甲不留，全部粉碎，打破。

二、  句子理解

if it were, Doris Lessing wouldn’t have won it

知识点：虚拟语气。

1）是什么？——定义

2）有哪些？——分类

3）啥形式？——结构

1.       对现在虚拟：

l   If + 一般过去时(were)，would/could/should/might + do

例句：If I were you, I wouldwork as hard as I possibly can. 如果我是你，我会尽最大努力。

例句：If I didn’t see you here,everything would be perfect. 如果我没在这看见你，一切都会是完美的。

2.      对过去虚拟：

l   If + 过去完成时，would/could/should/might + have done

例句：If I had married my firstlove, my life would have been miserable. 如果我和初恋结婚了，我生活肯定一团糟糕。

例句：If I hadn’t gone touniversity, I would have been a billionaire. 如果我当时没上当学，我以前造就是亿万富翁了。

3.       对将来的虚拟：

l   If + 过去时／were to + 动词原型／should + 动词原形，would/should/could/might + 动词原型

例句：If I were to be the boss infuture, I would double your salary. 如果我将来做你们的老板，我给你工资反翻倍。

例句：If it rained tomorrow, wewouldn’t go camping then. 如果明天下雨，我们就不用去野营了。

三、      全文参考翻译

鲍勃·迪伦被授予了诺贝尔文学奖。为什么不可以呢？如果诺贝尔委员会能给亨利·基辛格（美国前国务卿）颁和平奖，那么也同样可以给一个从来没写过任何文学作品的人颁发文学奖。

这不是一个品味的问题。鲍勃·迪伦是一个伟大的民谣艺术家，可能是目前在世最伟大的了。但是诺贝尔奖应该不是基于大众喜欢什么来颁奖，（如果真是迎合大众，多丽丝·莱辛就不会获奖了）而是以是否有着与理想主义相衬的能力。 

迪伦两样都占了，但他所创作的作品相较于历任获奖者而言还远远不够：叶芝，纪德，奥尼尔，索尔仁尼琴等等。后者作品的无论是规模还是文本的主题密度方面都远远赶超迪伦好几个光年。迪伦是弹奏着吉他的黯淡星辰，而他们就是环绕在我们轨道上的太阳，今日的我们有幸能与他们共存。

如果委员会想要一个美国人获奖，那么它可能已经选择了堂·德里罗，菲利普·罗斯，甚至是托马斯·品钦（为什么不呢？）。委员会并没有做出这样的选择，所以为什么它选了鲍勃·迪伦？为了怀旧、政治、为了取悦群众，还是想要提名一个对文学并不感兴趣的群体代表，借以粉碎委员会这个代表着知识界里的市侩者形象。正如担心戴维斯杯与网球太过密切相关一样，如果受欢迎才是诺奖的最终目的，那么为什么不颁给莱昂纳德·科恩或是保罗·麦卡特尼呢？为什么不是黛比·哈瑞拿奖，那个认为发明了说唱的疯狂人？此外，为什么普及诺奖不是选举出来的，而是让那些知识渊博又有名望的人去选？这是诺贝尔文学奖，不是瑞典达人秀。