（带文稿）1118 闪电由我不由天，是瑞士科学家告诉你的道理（文末小测）

张老邪叨哔叨：

文中提到的Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne（洛桑联邦理工学院）是瑞士的两所联邦理工学院之一。还有另一所呢，是Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院），更有名气一点，诞生过30多位诺贝尔奖得主。也是爱因斯坦和第一任老婆米列娃的母校。在校期间的米列娃是女学霸，不，学神，而爱因斯坦是学渣。当时爱因斯坦还承诺如果获得诺奖，会把奖金送给米列娃，但... 诶 这个八卦不是今天新闻的重点啊喂！！！嗯嗯，without further ado（言归正传）反正就看看这个技术怎么实现的吧~ 以及，看完文章你总得知道【避雷针】该怎么说吧~ 

In this photo taken Wednesday, Aug. 9, 2017 a strike of lightning illuminates the sky over Annaberg-Buchholzer, southeastern Germany. (Bernd Maerz/dpa via AP)

        Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike.

        Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.

        The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland. The results were reported in the publication Climate and Atmospheric Science.

        Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. It is one of the oldest observed weather events on Earth. It can strike between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. Since lightning carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly.

Lightning strikes a skyscraper in Central Business District during a rainstorm in Beijing, Wednesday, Sept. 7, 2016. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)

        It is difficult to know exactly how many people die of lightning-related causes. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires.

        For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. In the United States and other places, ground-based sensing devices are used to identify strikes as they happen. But, no system has been created to effectively predict or stop lightning.

         The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.

        The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.

In this Aug. 1, 2017 photo lightning illuminate the night sky over the Odervorland wind farm in the Oder-Spree district near to Sieversdorf, Germany. (Patrick Pleul/dpa via AP)

     The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm, which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.

       “Once trained, the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement. “It can now be used anywhere.”

        Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student at the institute who led the development of the method. He said current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites.

Lightning strikes along Interstate 70 near Junction City, Kan., Tuesday, April 26, 2016. Thunderstorms bearing hail as big as grapefruit and winds approaching hurricane strength lashed portions of the Great Plains on Tuesday. (AP Photo/Orlin Wagner)

      “Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut, he added.

       The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system.         The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.

        Scientists working on the Paris-based project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity. The idea is that powerful, ground-based lasers can be positioned in the sky to direct energy from lightning.

       The experiments involve the use of lasers to transfer lightning charges from clouds to the ground. The method uses a lightning rod placed at the base of the laser to take in electrical charges from lightning in the clouds.

       Researchers say laboratory testing has shown that lasers can be used as a way to guide lightning to a direct, safe path to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be deployed as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at power plants, airports or places where large crowds gather.

        I’m Bryan Lynn.

QUIZ【答案见下面词汇表后】

What does the article say is one of the most common ways for lightning to strike?

A. From clouds upward to the sky

B. Between clouds and the ground

C. From moving clouds in the sky

D. Between objects on the ground

What was one of the main surface conditions measured as part of the machine learning method?

A. Rainfall amount

B. Cloud densities

C. Wind directions

D. Air temperature

What is one of the main ways Mostajabi’s system differs from current lightning data collection methods?

A. It can process data much faster than current systems.

B. It can easily gather data from many weather stations.

C. It can only collect information from radar and satellites.

D. It can gather data from the air as well as on the ground.

What is the purpose of the lasers being tested as part of the European Laser Lightning Rod project?

A. To strike and destroy bursts of lightning in the clouds.

B. To remove heat from the lightning charges to block them.

C. To transfer lightning charges from clouds to the ground.

D. To replace lightning rods currently used against lightning.

Words in This Story

algorithm – n. a set of steps that are followed in order to solve a mathematical problem or to complete a computer process

obtain – v. to get something

remote – adj. far away

transfer – v. move something from one place to another

lightning rod –n. a tall pole usually of metal that is meant to draw lightening strikes into the ground.

【BDBC】