102 主谓语法一致：夫唱妇随的主谓关系（1）

英语讲究主语和谓语数量概念的一致，即主语的单复数概念需要和某些时态或语态中谓语动词的单复数概念一致。主谓一致可以分为语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三种情况。

本节先讲语法一致。语法一致指的是形式一致，即主语是单数形式，某些时态或语态中的谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词则使用复数形式。

一、单数一致

1. 单数名词（代词）或不可数名词充当主语。举例：

He has got many books. 他有许多书。

A lot of money was spent on travelling. 旅游花了很多钱。

2. 带有 one 和 a 但数量大于 1 的主语有时视为单数。举例：

More than one question was asked. 提出的问题不止一个。（more than one + 单数名词）

A day or two is enough. 一两天足够。（a + 单数名词 + or two）

Many a young man has tried and failed. 许多年轻人试过却失败了。（many a + 单数名词）

3. 本身以 s 结尾的名词一般视为单数。举例：

Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治常常是我们讨论的课题。

German measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women. 风疹对孕妇来说是一种危险的疾病。

4. a pair of...+名词充当主语，意义上虽有可能是复数，但形式上视为单数。举例：

A pair of gloves is a nice present. 送一副手套是不错的礼物。

5. “the number / average / total of + 复数名词”结构中，其主语是 the number / average / total，不是复数名词，故要求使用单数动词。举例：

The number of chairs in the room is ten. 屋子里有十把椅子。

6. 分数或百分数+单数名词或不可数名词、(a) part of + 单数名词或不可数名词、the kind / sort of + 单数名词或不可数名词、most of + 单数名词或不可数名词充当主语视为单数。举例：

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是水。

Thirty percent of the liquor is alcohol. 这酒的百分之三十是酒精。

7. 单个名词短语充当主语或单个主语从句视为单数。举例：

No news is good news. 没有消息便是好消息。

What he said is true. 他所说的情况属实。

二、复数一致

1. 复数名词（代词）充当主语。举例：

The boys are playing outside. 孩子们在外面玩耍。

2. 两个以上的名词（代词）并列充当主语。举例：

English and French grammar are not very difficult to learn. 英语语法和法语语法都不难学。

3. 带有 one 和 a 但数量大于 1 的主语有时视为复数。举例：

More members than one have protested against the proposal. 不止一个成员反对这些提议。（more +复数名词 + than one）

One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一两条理由。（one or two + 复数名词）

4. “a number / average / total of 复数名词”结构充当主语视为复数。举例：

A number of people were injured. 许多人受伤了。

5. 分数或百分数+复数名词、(a) part of + 复数名词、this kind / sort of + 复数名词、most of + 复数名词充当主语视为复数。举例：

Three-fourths of the people were illiterate. 四分之三的人是文盲。

Ten percent of the apples are bad. 百分之十的苹果是烂苹果。

6. 多个名词短语充当并列主语或多个主语从句并列视为复数。举例：

What he said and what he did were always different. 他总是言行不一。

三、 with 或 as well as 构成的介词短语修饰的主语，要视真正主语的单复数概念来确定主谓一致的形式。举例：

A teacher, with his students, is seeing an English film. 一位教师正带着学生们看一部英语影片。

The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生们和这位教师都出席了会议。

四、“one of + 复数名词”结构后接定语从句，从句中动词的单复数形式视其修饰对象而定。举例：

This is one of the best books that have been published. 这是已出版的最好的书籍之一。

She is the only one of those women who doesn't know anthing about the book. 她是唯一一个不了解该书的女士。