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M: Hello English learners! Welcome back to another lesson with us here at EnglishPod! My

name is Marco.

E: And I’m Erica.

M: And today we’re gonna be talking about physics.

E: That’s right! An Advanced lesson for, um, all you physics lovers out there. And even for

those of you who maybe don’t love physics so much, there’s still some great language here.

M: Right, we’re gonna be talking about the Big Bang theory – a very popular theory of

how the universe or the world and how we came upon being created.

E: That’s right! So, we’ve got some physics language, but we’ve also got some really, um,

tough words that I bet many of our users have never seen before, witch we’re gonna look

at those, um, in this lesson.

M: Alright, so, why don’t we get started with this great and interesting lesson? And let’s

listen to the dialogue for the first time.

DIALOGUE, FIRST TIME

E: Well, it sure does sound like a difficult class, doesn’t it?

M: It’s a very interesting topic and very controversial, so…

E: Uhu.

M: There’re many opinions on it. But before we get into that, why don’t we take a look at

some of those physics related words that we listened to in “language takeaway”?

Voice: Language takeaway.

E: Okay, so, here we are in language takeaway and we’ve got, uh, four words we’ve heard

in the dialogue that are related to physics. So, let’s start with the first one, which is matter.

M: Matter.

E: Matter.

M: Okay, so, you probably know th… this word from “what’s the matter?”

E: Right.

M: “What’s wrong?”

E: Yep.

M: In this case, we’re talking about matter, so, anything that occupies space, that has a

mass or that is related to energy. So, matter.

E: So, all things in the world are made up of matter, right?

M: Exactly.

E: Okay.

M: Now, let’s move on to another one.

E: Particles.

M: Particles.

E: Particles.

M: Now, particles are… a little bit more… it’s now, particles are a little bit easier. They’re

just very small pieces of a whole.

E: An apple is made up of apple particles?

M: Something like that. You can… if you wanna understand it easily, yeah, your apple has

many small particles that make up the apple.

E: So, like… let’s paint a picture here. Imagine you’ve got a beach and all the pieces of sand

are particles of the beach.

M: Exactly, very good! So, those are particles.

E: Now, the next one is a little bit difficult for me; I don’t understand this – anti-particles.

M: Alright, so, anti-particles.

E: Anti-particles.

M: Now, this… this prefix anti-…

E: Uhu.

M: It means something that is against, right?

E: Right. And I… I’ve seen this one in anticlockwise.

M: Alright, so, anti-particles are those that are against particles. So, basically, if you have a

particle that has a positive charge…

E: Aha.

M: And another one comes in with a negative charge in the sameway, in the same type of

particle. If they get together, they cancel each other out and they both die.

E: Ouh.

M: So, that’s an anti-particle.

E: Alright, well, you heard it first here at EnglishPod.

M: Hehe. So, anti-particles are not a good thing to have around.

E: Now, we also heard them talk about the drift of matter.

M: Right, drift of matter.

E: Drift of matter.

M: Also, sometimes called drift of dark matter.

E: Okay, well, I know the verb to drift, right? To… sort of float awayon the sea.

M: Right, if you have a little ship, you leave it on the beach it’ll drift away.

E: Right.

M: I’ll be slowly away.

E: Yeah, but what about drift of matter?

M: So, basically, the drift of matter is this residue that remains of the Big Bang, of the

explosion.

E: Okay.

M: So, matter and radiation keeps on drifting through the universe and…

E: So, it’s moving slowly trough the universe.

M: Moving slowly, so, this big explosion… and just considerate to be like this ripple. And it’s

expanding and expanding. That’s the drift of matter.

E: Alright.

M: Hehe.

E: Well, I learned something else today.

M: Some very specific words related to physics, but it’s very interesting. Once you get into

reading about these things, it will help you to understand it better.

E: That’s right! But we’ve also got some non-physics related language that we wanna look it

now in “language takeaway” (part II).

Voice: Language takeaway.

M: So, we were talking about the drift of matter and how it’s drifting through the universe.

And then he said “thus advancing the notions of an expanding universe”.

E: So, I wanna look at the phrase thus advancing notions.

M: Thus advancing notion.

E: Okay, let’s start with the first word here – thus.

M: Okay, so, this is a good connector.

E: A conjunction.

M: A conjunction; and basically means…

E: Therefore.

M: Therefore or in consequence.

E: Yeah.

M: Right?

E: So, thus advancing notions. Now, notions are ideas.

M: Right.

E: And so, when you advance notions or advance ideas, um, you help them make progress,

you help them go forward and become known.

M: Okay, so, in order to understand this in the context, they are saying that a drift of

matter, thus advances notions of an expanding universe. So, that is making progress to

people believing that the universe is getting bigger.

E: Uhu. Okay, so, interesting phrase. Now, I really like this word thusand a lot of people

are afraid to use it. So, why don’t we hear a few examples of how it’s used in context?

Voice: Example one.

A: So, you can see that we’ve studied the fossil record, and thus we can conclude that

evolution is a fact.

Voice: Example two.

B: He broke severe company policies, thus we had to fire him.

Voice: Example three.

C: I did not receive the documents on time, thus I was unable to send them to you.

M: Alright, good examples of thus and I guess now we can use it a little bit better.

E: That’s right! Now, let’s move on to our next word, so, they were talking about people,

who go around touting theories.

M: Tout.

E: To tout.

M: Okay, so, what… what does this mean, tout?

E: Well, basically, when you tout something, um, you talk about it in a positive way, um, so

as to almost like sell that thing. [NOTE: so as to= in order to]

M: Okay.

E: So, for example, we can say, um, the company is touting the many benefits of its

product.

M: Okay, very good! So, to talk positively about something.

E: Yeah, with the idea of trying to sell that thing or make people buy into it or believe it.

M: Alright, very good! What about our next ph… word?

E: Well, we heard, um, two related words in the dialogue. Um, they were talking about

“where’s the rigor in these theories?” and “rigorous testing”.

M: Okay, so, what’s the difference between rigor and rigorous.

E: Rigor is the state of being very clear and careful and exact.

M: Okay.

E: Um, and rigorous is just the adjective – clear, careful, attention to detail and exact.

M: Okay, very good! So, rigorous training.

E: I’m going over my notes in rigorous detail.

M: Okay, very good! And now, we have one more word today on language takeaway and

that is equivocate.

E: So, we heard “dude, don’t equivocate”.

M: Don’t equivocate.

E: Don’t equivocate.

M: Alright, so, what… what does she… what does he mean by this?

E: Well, when you equivocate, you use big words, um, to try andmislead somebody.

M: Okay, so, using big words to confuse or to mislead.

E: Yep, so, for example, we could say, um, the job candidate… we could say “when asked

about his experience, the job candidate equivocated”.

M: Okay.

E: Or even “the presidential nominee did not equivocate when he explained his tax policy”.

M: Alright, so, some good examples, good phrases, a lot of interesting stuff and a little bit

more educational podcast today.

E: That’s right! So, let’s continue with our education by listening to the dialogue one last

time.

DIALOGUE, SECOND TIME

M: Alright, so, the Big Bang theory – very controversial. In some schools in the United

States they have prohibited the teachers from teaching it.

E: I know, um, which is seems quite interesting to me, um, but it is… it is, actually, very

controversial and people can get really, really upset about this in America.

M: Hehe. So, it is an interesting topic. Take it from the point of view of just something else,

maybe just to learn a little bit more about this topic, such as physics, right?

E: Right, but there’s something that is uncontroversial that I did wanna talk about, um, now

that we heard in the dialogue. There’s a lot of really interesting sort of slang words here in

the dialogue, isn’t there?

M: Yeah, we heard in the first part of the dialogue when he said “I’ve been in physics class

all day; killer”.

E: Killer.

M: So, what does he mean by killer?

E: Oh, he’s… he’s just basically saying “it’s really hard. You know, it’s like… it’s so difficult

that it’s “murderous”.

M: It was intense.

E: Yep, but this word we can use positively as well, can’t we?

M: Yeah, I guess you could say “that was a killer party”.

E: Yeah, “killer move’s on the dance floor”.

M: Okay.

E: Another interesting thing is that he said “math, shmath”.

M: Now, shmath isn’t really a word.

E: No, but this is a really common structure we use in English, um, when we want to sort of

take away from the importance of an idea.

M: Okay, so, you’re saying “it’s not important”, “I don’t care about it” or, uh, “it’s not worth

it”.

E: Yeah, so, for example. I’m on a diet.

M: Right, and I would say “diet, shmiet”.

E: Yeah.

M: So, basically, the structure is just add an SH- and then just kind ofmake it rhyme.

E: Yeah.

M: Shmiet. Or like, uh…

E: Like “work, shmork”.

M: Yeah, “work, shmork”

E: Yeah.

M: Or some like that.

E: Yeah.

M: So, you’re just making fun of it and you’re taking away importance.

E: Yeah, that’s a pretty, uh, pretty neat phrase and one… one more. Um, we heard them

say “Duh”.

M: Duh.

E: So, when we say this, we’re just saying like “you should know this, stupid”.

M: Yeah, this is obvious.

E: Yep.

M: It’s kind of making fun of the person or…

E: Yeah.

M: It’s just saying “it’s so obvious, how can you not know it?”

E: Yeah.

M: And it always goes either at the beginning or at the end of asentence.

E: Yeah, so, duh, Marco, we’re… recording a podcast.

M: Right! Very good, so, some great words and phrases in this dialogue and a little bit of

slang as well, so, you can use it maybe with your friends.

E: That’s right! Um, if you have any questions about the language in this dialogue or any

thoughts on physics or the Big Bang theory, come and check our website

at englishpod.com.

M: Alright, we’ll see you guys there and until next time…

E: Good bye!

M: Bye!

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