接吻有可能导致精神分裂症？| Common virus may be linked to mental disorder

With the winter-spring peak of influenza approaching, how are you? Are you still fine or have you already been infected? 
2018-2019冬春季流感流行节已经来临。你，做好准备了吗，还是已经失守阵地了呢？
Influenza is the respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. Today we are going to talk about another viral infectious disease, glandular fever, which may also be linked to schizophrenia.
流感是由流感病毒引起的呼吸道传染病。而今天我们要说的是另一种由病毒引起的传染病——腺热病。它可能还和精神分裂症有关。
Having glandular fever as a teenager could increase your risk of schizophrenia in later life, a study has revealed.
研究发现，青少年时期患有腺热病会增加以后生活中患精神分裂症的风险。
The common virus, spread by kissing, was linked to the mental disorder by researchers at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
美国巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯大学的研究者们表示，这种由亲吻传播的常见病毒与精神疾病有关。
People with schizophrenia were more than twice as likely to have increased levels of glandular fever-type antibodies, the research found.
研究表明，精神分裂症患者体内拥有更高水平的腺热型抗体的几率会增加一倍。
The scientists behind the findings said it could pave the way for prevention of serious psychiatric disorders.
在研究背后，科学家们认为这能为将来重大精神疾病的预防奠定基础。
Epstein-Barr virus and schizophrenia
However, the virus, known in the US as mono, cannot be treated and can only be controlled through good hygiene.
然而，这个病毒性传染病，美国亦称传染性单核细胞增多症，除了保持良好的卫生习惯外，并没有其它治愈办法。
It is caused by EBV, or Epstein-Barr virus, which has infected more than 90 percent of people worldwide, according to Cancer Research UK.
根据英国癌症研究中心，腺热病由EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus）引起，感染了超过90%的世界人口。
In most people with the Epstein-Barr virus, it lies dormant in their body, unless it is active, which is when it causes glandular fever.
EB病毒进入人体后，大部分处于潜伏状态。只有被激活时，才会引起腺热病。
Schizophrenia affects more than 21 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
根据世界卫生组织，精神分裂症影响了世界上2100万余人。
The researchers are unsure of the cause and effect; therefore it is possible that the link between the two could be the other way round.
研究者还未确定腺热病与精神分裂症的因果关系。因此，可能也是精神分裂症引发了腺热病。
"We are interested in the role of infectious agents such as Epstein-Barr virus in schizophrenia," said lead author Professor Robert Yolken.

第一作者罗伯特·约肯教授说：“我们很好奇，到底致病原EB病毒在精神分裂症里扮演了怎样的角色。”
Process and meaning
The study looked at 743 people — 432 with a schizophrenia diagnosis and 311 without a history of a psychiatric disorders to serve as a control group.
这项研究选取了743位研究对象，其中432位为精神分裂症确诊者，作为实验组，311位无精神疾病历史，作为对照组。
The researchers first measured the levels of EBV antibodies in both groups for the study, published in Schizophrenia Bulletin.
研究者们首先测量了两组研究对象的EB病毒抗体水平。这项研究发表在《精神分裂症公报》上。
They found people with schizophrenia were 1.7 to 2.3 times more likely to have increased levels of some EBV antibodies than people in the control group.
他们发现，精神分裂症患者体内含有一些EB病毒抗体的几率，是对照组的1.7到2.3倍。
Then, researchers sequenced a portion of the participants' DNA to determine their genetic risk for schizophrenia.
接着，研究者们将研究对象的部分DNA进行排序，来检测精神分裂症的遗传风险。
Results from the analysis showed people who had an increased genetic risk for schizophrenia and increased antibody levels for EBV had a more than eight times higher chance of being schizophrenic compared to mentally healthy individuals.
研究结果表明，精神分裂症的基因风险越大，EB病毒抗体水平越高的人，患精神分裂症的概率是精神健康人群的八倍。
Antibodies related to other viruses, such as chickenpox or the cold sore virus, were not increased in people with schizophrenia.
其它病毒的抗体水平，如水痘病毒，疱疹病毒的抗体，在精神分裂症患者体内并没有上升。
"We found that individuals with schizophrenia had an unusual response to Epstein-Barr virus," said Professor Yolken.
约肯教授说：“我们发现精神分裂患者对EB病毒有着特殊的反应。”
"This indicated that the prevention and treatment of EBV might represent an approach for the prevention and treatment of serious psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia."
“这意味着EB病毒的防治可为精神疾病的防治提供治疗方案，像精神分裂症的防治。”
There are no treatments available for EBV approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the US and the NHS in the UK.
美国食品药物管理局和英国国家医疗服务体系都未提出有效的EB病毒治疗方案。
According to the scientists, a number of compounds that may prevent or treat replication of the virus are under investigation, which should be "high priority".

科学家们表示，一些能够阻止或者预防病毒复制的药物化合物正在研究调查中，应给予他们“优先权”。
The researchers recommend preventing EBV transmission through good hygiene by hand-washing and avoiding oral contact, such as kissing, with infected people.
研究者们建议通过良好的卫生习惯来预防EB病毒，比如勤洗手，避免与病毒携带者亲吻。
About Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr is the virus that causes glandular fever, or
"mononucleosis/mono", with swollen glands and fatigue being typical symptoms.
EB是引起腺热病，或传染性单核细胞增多症的病毒。该病同时伴有腺体肿胀和易疲劳的典型症状。
It affects young people the most, passed through blood and semen, and most commonly saliva — even in the smallest amounts such as drinking from the same glass as someone.
EB病毒对年轻人的影响最大，可通过体液和精液传播。最常见的是唾液传播，即使是通过一个共用杯子上的极少量唾液也能感染。
It can show no symptoms for up to seven weeks after infection, and a person remains a carrier of EBV for life.
感染后，EB病毒可在人体潜伏七星期之久，不显现任何症状。此后，感染者将终生携带EB病毒。
EBV has already been linked to multiple sclerosis and some cancers, according to Cancer Research UK. Overall, less than one in 300 UK cancer cases are caused by EBV. 
英国癌症研究中心表示，EB病毒与多发性硬化症和其它一些癌症也存在关联。总体而言，英国300个癌症案例中，由EB病毒引起的不到一例。