宾语从句精讲

宾语部分是一个完整的句子（也就是有主语、有谓语）

何为宾语？

动词或介词后加的句子成份叫做宾语。（动宾与介宾）

注意

1）双宾语结构中，宾语可能是距离实意动词比较远的

tell sb that...

2）动词短语后也可加宾语从句，如make sure

3）系动词后加形容词短语，也可加宾语从句

Eg: I am sure that they will make it.

【1】陈述语序问题

正确认识宾语从句语序问题：

1. 关键在于看连接词在从句中所作的成份

2. 分清楚，陈述句与陈述语序的不同

3. 从句不管是肯定、否定还是疑问形式，都得是主语+谓语的形式

Eg: Could you tell me who knows the answer?

Eg: He asked whose handwritingit was.

Eg: Could you tell me what I should do?

Eg: He hasn’t decided if he will go on a trip.

Eg: Do you know which class he is in.

【2】连接词问题

连接词的熟练掌握要考虑3个问题：

1. 连接词在从句中充当的语法成份作用

2. 连接词本身是否有意思，以及是什么意思

3. 从句是肯定、疑问、否定等，哪种句型？

分类讨论：

1）当从句部分是陈述句时，用that引导，that无实际意思；

Eg: He said that he could finish his work before supper.

2) 当从句部分是一般疑问句时，用if/ whether引导，意思是“是否”

Eg: I don’t know if he still lives here after so many years.

3) 宾语从句部分是特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词引导

Eg: why was he late for school? Can you tell me?

Can you tell me why he was late for school?

Eg: Which book does he read?He wants to know.

He wants to know which book he reads.

Eg: How many students are there in your class? The teacher asks.

The teacher asks how many students there are in your class

【3】宾语从句时态问题

宾语从句时态口诀：

主现从不限，具体看情景；

主过从必过，具体看情况；（此处第二个“过”为过去的某种时态）

客观事实，永远用一般；

【4】特殊用法

1） 当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语

Eg: I don’t think he will help us.

2） 当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。

Eg：She finds it difficult to answer the question.

Eg: He made it a rule to speak English at least once in class.

重点突破

If与whether引导宾语从句的区别：

1. whether可以和or not连用

2. 介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导

3. Whether可以加不定式to do

4. Whether可以放在句首引导从句

易错辨析

If和when既可以引导宾语从句，又可以引导状语从句，区别在？

if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼