003.3 ***********************

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1.每期讲义中设计的听记问题，我们会在当期音频下方的声音简介最后公布。

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英语入门，建议学习：不一样的新概念【第1辑】

转述练习 中英文对照

Let us briefly talk about the story first.

故事中，作者说他的假期常常被明信片给搅和了。

In the story, the writer says that his holidays are always spoilt by postcards.

然后他提到了自己去年夏天在意大利的经历作为例子。

Then ,he mentions his experience in Italy last summer as an example.

在意大利的时候，他去了博物馆和公园。

While he was in Italy, he went to the museums and parks.

他还从一个服务员那学了几句意大利语。

He even learned some words of Italian from a nice waiter.

之后，服务员还借了本书给作者，但他却一个字也不认识。

Later, the waiter lent a book to the writer but he could not understand a word in the book.

很明显，作者没什么语言天赋,他也没想再多学点意大利语。

Obviously, the writer is not a language genius, and he was not willing to learn more about the language. Why?

因为他一直再想着给朋友写明信片的事。 

Because he was thinking about writing postcards to his friends.

但是他啥都没做。

But he did not take any action.

最后一天，他终于做了重大决定，他买了37张明信片。

On the final day, he made an important decision to buy 37 cards.

然而，虽然他花了一天待在酒店房间里，他却啥都没写。

However, although he spent the whole day in the hotel room, he wrote nothing at all.

转述练习全英文 请在课后自行练习

假设一个场景： 

你在和老外聊天，很兴奋聊到holidays。 你突然想到一个朋友，Mike，这个家伙每次遇到假日就很头痛。因为老是在想明信片的事。于是你可以说： 

When talking about holidays, I think of a friend , Mike.

Mike often complains that his holidays are always spoilt by postcards. Last time, he mentioned to me his experience in Italy last summer as an example. While he was in Italy, he went to the museums and parks. He even learned some words of Italian from a nice waiter. Later, the waiter lent a book to Mike but he could not understand a word in the book. Obviously, Mike is not a language genius, and he was not willing to learn more about the language. Why? Because he was thinking about writing postcards to his friends. But he did not take any action. On the final day, he made an important decision to buy 37 cards. However, although he spent the whole day in the hotel room, he wrote nothing at all.

转述思维点睛 

如何描述一个人的习惯和特点？

在讲述一个人特点的时候，往往用两个简单步骤： 

1、特点总述（general description）：

先对这个人的特点和习惯做一个总体评价和描述。

2、具体故事 (specific story)： 

有趣的沟通，一定是有具体细节的。

于是，我们再用一个具体的故事a specific story, 作为支持信息evidence, 让听众详细了解他的特点。

这样先总后分的聊天方式，

体现了英语沟通的一个重要思维：

先判断，后细节。

如，在上一课中描述了一个slacker懒虫的故事，我们会先说：

I have a friend, and he is such a slacker. He never get up early on sundays.  

然后，再描述说：Last Sunday, he got up …

再比如，你和人聊一个朋友，Alice是一个特别挑剔(picky)的人。上周，我们一起去购物，她在服装店试穿（try on）了28件大衣，都不满意。最后，我们被店老板赶出来了。

Alice is a very picky person. Last week, we went shopping together. She tried on 28 overcoats at a clothing store, but she was not satisfied with any of them. In the end, the boss kicked us out of the store.

文化拓展 

读完第三课的这个小故事 ，很多同学会奇怪，为什么写个postcards也会让作者焦头烂额？

作者这样的例子并不少见。The writer is not alone. 现在大家也不送postcards了，但是通过通信工具，社交媒体等来给朋友送节日祝福 holiday wishes 还是普遍。

We seldom send postcards today, but sending holiday wishes to friends through telecommunication tools or social medias is still very common.

但是，当你的朋友人数越来越多，送节日祝福也需要花上一段时间。我有个朋友，通讯录里有5000多人：

So whenever there is a major holiday, he will spend a huge amount of time sending wishes to his friends. And it really spoils his holidays.

But a much better way is to contact your friends on a regular basis rather than just on a holiday basis.

更好的方式是日常和朋友们多联系，而不是仅仅在假日才联系。

这个故事中的主人公估计是一个严重的拖延症患者。

一个喜欢拖延的人就叫: procrastinator.

心理学名词：procrastination n.拖延  

The writer is likely to be a procrastinator. In other words, he has a habit of procrastination.

拖延症患者喜欢把重要的工作一直推迟。

A procrastinator likes putting off doing important jobs over and over again.

有很多人喜欢把重要的事拖到最后做。原因是，人类倾向于当下的快乐instant pleasure。很有多重要的事需要花精力、时间，有可能还要牺牲眼前的快乐。

心里学还有个词叫做，delayed gratification, 就是延迟满足。一般能成大事的人都懂得牺牲眼前的快乐，来换来延迟的满足。Successful people tend to sacrifice instant pleasure for delayed gratification.

拖延还有个重要的原因是：完美主义（perfectionism）. 完美主义者认为，如果我现在做不到完美，我就不做。

A Perfectionist tends to think "If I can not do this perfectly now, I won't do it at all."

所以，拖延症并不是只有普通人有，在一些特别优秀的人中也存在。

所以，心理学家建议了两个重要的方法克服拖延： 

1. set a time-bound goal  给自己设定一个时间限制

2. find your peers or join a group 找到自己的同伴或者加入一个群体, 大家相互监督共同进步，这些都是克服拖延的好办法。