Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. ForQuestions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit intoeach of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fitin any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005,there were almost half amillion professional social scientists from all fields in the world, workingboth inside and outside academia. According to the World Social ScienceReport 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollenby about 11% every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s globalchallenges including climate change, security, sustainable developmentand health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technologicaltools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops toartificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organizationand distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping theopportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase thegreat social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovationwithout creative destruction.
Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problemsand internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with externalimpact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is oftenlocal: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium forexample .And whether the community’s work contributes much to anoverall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the rightdirection. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding shouldnot expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Frameworkfunding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at socialscientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such acategory ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But theintention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the completeopposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors andhelp to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social
scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly
specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing
elsewhere, such as policy briefs.
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010,about 1,600 of the
100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these
Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with othercategories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; andinclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and socialinnovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all requirebehavioral change and social innovations , as well as technologicaldevelopment . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much aboutchanging consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it isabout developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant totackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over aproposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science researchand to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .
[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and thehumanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -variedfrom around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
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